根系分泌物对作物养分吸收利用的影响研究进展  

Progress on effects of root exudates on nutrient uptake and utilization of crops

作　　者：杜思垚 方娅婷 鲁剑巍[1] DU Siyao;FANG Yating;LU Jianwei(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Microelement Research Center/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River),Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/微量元素研究中心/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2023年第2期147-157,共11页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-12);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662021ZH001)。

摘　　要：根系分泌物是作物与土壤交流的主要媒介,对于土壤养分活化、作物养分吸收、作物生长等均有重要作用。为探究根系分泌物与作物、土壤和微生物之间的关系,利用不同的根系分泌物来实现种间促进、提高自然资源利用率和农业生产力,本文归纳总结了根系分泌物的分类、功能及对土壤养分(氮、磷、钾和铁)的活化、作物养分吸收和作物生长的影响,讨论了有关作物应对养分胁迫的不同机制,并提出研究展望:一是加强根系分泌物的鉴定手段,实现根系分泌物组分的原位无损伤鉴定和分析;二是运用多学科交叉知识进一步揭示根系分泌物所介导的作物养分高效利用的根土界面生物互作过程;三是加强验证根系分泌物影响植物应对生物和非生物胁迫的目标基因和微生物的功能定位研究,利用基因工程手段达到有效改善植物健康的目的;四是推进研究成果向科技应用转化的进程,利用仿生学原理将有益的根系分泌物应用到实际生产中。Root exudates are the main medium of communication between crops and soil,play impor⁃tant roles in the activation of nutrients in soil,the nutrient uptake and growth of crops.This article summa⁃rized the classification and function of root exudates,and their effects on the activation of nutrients including nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and iron in soil,the nutrient absorption and growth of crops to study the re⁃lationship between root exudates,crops,soil and microorganisms,and to use different root exudates to achieve interspecific promotion,improve the utilization rate of natural resources and agricultural productivity.The different mechanisms of crop response to nutrient stress were discussed.The prospects including strengthening the identification means of root exudates to realize the in⁃situ damage-free identification and analysis of root exudate components,using interdisciplinary knowledge to further reveal the root-soil inter⁃face biological interaction process of efficient utilization of crop nutrients mediated by root exudates,focus⁃ing on functional localization of target genes and microorganisms that verify that root exudates affect plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses,using genetic engineering to effectively improve plant health,promot⁃ing the process of transforming research results into scientific and technological applications,and applying beneficial root exudates to practical production via using bionics principle were put forward.

关 键 词：根系分泌物 养分活化 养分吸收 作物养分高效利用 生物互作 养分胁迫 

分 类 号：Q945.12[生物学—植物学]