高碳铬轴承钢组织双超细化的研究现状与发展趋势  

Research Status and Development Trend of Microstructure Double Ultra Refinement of High Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel

作　　者：张朝磊[1] 朱禹承 蒋波[1] ZHANG Chaolei;ZHU Yucheng;JIANG Bo(School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第6期138-143,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52174351)。

摘　　要：高端轴承已成为中国高端装备制造业中的“卡脖子”问题。轴承用钢的质量是决定轴承性能、精度、寿命及可靠性的重要基础和保证。轴承钢的发展已经历四代,高碳铬轴承钢始终是使用量最大、适用面最广的轴承关键材料。其在微观组织上追求晶粒和碳化物的双超细化,由晶界碳化物引起的脆化及疲劳破坏是限制其质量进一步提升的瓶颈。目前,传统的组织调控手段存在一些不足,导致轴承钢应用受阻,不足之处主要是未从根本上解决淬火组织中晶界碳化物数量多、尺寸大从而恶化韧性,以及以循环淬火为主的组织超细化手段显著增大热处理变形等问题。本文概述了高性能轴承钢材料的发展现状与趋势,以及组织双超细化的前沿技术;并详细介绍了晶界改质处理和温成形等新技术在高碳铬轴承钢中的应用情况,探讨了组织双超细化技术面临的机遇与挑战。最后指出不仅需要提升轴承钢的冶金质量和研发新型轴承钢材料,还需要对传统轴承钢的组织超细化均匀化、晶界净化调控等进行基础理论研究和技术开发,突破轴承钢、工具钢等过共析钢的共性短板,满足高端轴承国产化需求。High-end bearings have become a‘neck sticking’problem in China’s high-end equipment manufacturing industry.The quality of bearingsteel is an important basis and guarantee to determine the performance,accuracy,service life and reliability of bearing.Bearing steel has been developed for four generations.High carbon chromium bearing steel has always been the key bearing material with the widest use and the application.It pursues the double ultra refinement of grain and carbide.The embrittlement and fatigue failure caused by grain boundary carbide are the bottleneck to further improve its quality.At present,there are some deficiencies in the traditional microstructure control methods,which hinders the application of bearing steel.The main reason is that the problems such as the large number and size of grain boundary carbides in the quenched structure,which worsen the toughness,and the significant increase of heat treatment deformation caused by the ultra refinement method based on cyclic quenching have not been fundamentally solved.This paper summarizes the development status and trend of high performance bearing steel materials,as well as the cutting-edge technology ofdouble ultra refinement of microstructure.The application of new technologies such as grain boundary amelioration treatment and warm forming in high carbon chromium bearing steel is introduced in detail,and the opportunities and challenges faced by microstructure double ultra refinement technology are discussed.Finally,it is pointed out that the research and development of bearing steel not only needs the improvement of metallurgical quality and the research and development of new bearing steel materials,but also needs the basic theoretical research and technical development of traditional bearing steel,such as ultra refinement and homogenization of microstructure,grain boundary purification control.This helps to break through the common defects of hypereutectoid steel such as bearing steel and tool steel and meet the requirements of localizatio

关 键 词：高碳铬轴承钢 组织超细化 晶界改质处理 温成形 

分 类 号：TG142.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]