纳米纤维素材料在重金属废水治理中的应用  

Application of Nanocellulose Materials for the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Heavy Metals

作　　者：陶正凯 荆肇乾[1] 王郑[1] TAO Zhengkai;JING Zhaoqian;WANG Zheng(School of Civil Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学土木工程学院,南京210037

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第6期210-217,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2015BAL02B04);住房和城乡建设部科技项目(2015-K7-012);江苏省高校优势学科(PAPD)。

摘　　要：纤维素是自然界中来源最广泛的天然高分子材料,近年来引起了能源、环境和材料等领域研究者的广泛关注。结合可再生生物质材料与纳米科技制备的纳米纤维素基重金属吸附材料具有可降解、可再生、环境相容性好、吸附量大、可选择性吸附等优势,是重金属治理技术重要的研究方向。然而,天然纳米纤维素在水体中会存在大量由羟基形成的氢键,导致材料的吸附容量降低、特异性吸附能力削弱。为此,一方面可以在制备纳米纤维素吸附材料时通过化学改性、酶化处理等手段引入活性基团或金属氧化物,提高材料分散性、特异性吸附性能和吸附容量等。另一方面,可将纳米纤维素与天然矿物、有机材料、氧化石墨烯等复合,制备高性能复合材料。纳米纤维素材料的化学改性研究相对成熟,但是酶法处理研究仍然处于起步阶段,目前有限的研究主要关注特定酶处理的反应进程及产物,缺乏多重适应性和工程应用性分析。在实际应用中,纳米纤维素除了直接制备粉末吸附剂外,往往制备成凝胶材料、杂化或复合材料等,或者进一步加工成纳滤膜、滤纸和过滤器等净水材料。基于此,本文从制备技术、吸附机理、改性强化和应用形式等角度简要介绍纳米纤维素基重金属吸附材料的最新研究进展,重点讨论纳米纤维素吸附材料的化学改性和酶法处理的改性机理、工艺路径和应用效果,分析纳米纤维素吸附材料的常见应用形式,结合纳米纤维素重金属吸附材料的研究现状展望其在重金属废水治理中的发展趋势,以期为纳米纤维素材料在重金属治理中的应用研究提供参考。Cellulose,which is the most widely found natural polymer material,has attracted significant attention in the fields of energy,environment andmaterials science.Nanocellulose-based heavy metal adsorbent materials,which are prepared by combining renewable biomass materials with nanotechnology,are degradable,regeneratable and environmentally friendly.In addition,they show high adsorption capacity and selective adsorption.Therefore,their synthesis has attracted significant research attention for heavy metal treatment technology.However,for natural nanocellulose,a large number of hydrogen bonds are formed by hydroxyl groups in aqueous media,which reduce the adsorption and specific adsorption capacities of the material.Therefore,active groups or metal oxides are introduced during the preparation of nanocellulose-based adsorbent materials through chemical modification and enzymatic treatment,among other methods,to improve the dispersion,specific adsorption performance,and adsorption capacity of the materials.In contrast,high-performance composites can be obtained by compounding natural nanocellulose with natural minerals,organic materials,and graphene oxide.The chemical modification of nanocellulose materials has been investigated extensively;however,the enzymatic treatment has not been investigated in detail yet.Specifically,the limited studies so far have focused on the reaction processes and products of specific enzymatic treatments;however,there is a lack of studies focusing on multiple adaptations and engineering applicability analysis.In practical applications,nanocellulose is often directly made into powder adsorbents;however,it is also prepared as gel,hybrid,or composite materials.In some cases,it is further processed into water purification materials,such as nanofiltration membranes,filter papers,and filters.This paper briefly introduces the latest research progress in the field of nanocellulose-based heavy metal adsorbent materials from the viewpoints of preparation technology,adsorption mechanism,modification

关 键 词：重金属 纳米纤维素 吸附材料 改性 复合材料 

分 类 号：O636.9[理学—高分子化学] X703[理学—化学]