宁波市新型冠状病毒感染流行期间呼吸道病毒的监测结果分析  

Surveillance of respiratory viruses during COVID-19 pandemic in Ningbo

作　　者：王蓉[1] 毛洋 焦素黎[1] 丁克琴[1] 倪红霞[1] Wang Rong;Mao Yang;Jiao Suli;Ding Keqin;Ni Hongxia(Department of Viral Research,Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningbo 315010,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波市疾病预防控制中心病毒研究所,宁波315010

出　　处：《国际流行病学传染病学杂志》2023年第1期50-55,共6页International Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease

基　　金：宁波市医学科技计划(2019Y30);宁波市公益类科技计划(2021S162)。

摘　　要：目的调查新型冠状病毒感染流行期间,宁波地区主要呼吸道病毒分布情况与流行趋势,探讨新型冠状病毒感染疫情对主要呼吸道病毒流行的影响,为科学防控提供依据。方法回顾性分析2019—2021年宁波地区哨点医院上送的流感样病例样本(咽拭子),利用实时荧光PCR技术检测甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒、鼻病毒、偏肺病毒和腺病毒7种常见呼吸道病毒。结果共纳入2019—2021年送检的流感样病例7134例,流感病毒2019年、2020年和2021年阳性检出率分别为26.67%(594/2227)、4.22%(97/2299)和7.75%(202/2608),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=606.32,P<0.001)。2021年呼吸道合胞病毒与鼻病毒的检出率分别为6.06%(158/2608)和3.68%(96/2608),均高于2020年,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=31.28和13.01,P均<0.001)。年龄分布显示,2020年和2021年呼吸道病毒感染阳性率最高的年龄组均为≤6岁组,分别为24.32%和35.75%,7~18岁组次之,分别为19.58%和22.01%,不同年龄组间的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=104.74和103.86,P均<0.001)。男性人群的呼吸道合胞病毒阳性率为5.32%(129/2426),高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.38,P=0.007)。宁波市呼吸道病毒混合感染情况较为少见,主要感染对象为≤6岁儿童。结论宁波地区主要呼吸道病毒的阳性率在新型冠状病毒感染疫情流行时期明显下降,但随着防控措施的下调,对流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒与鼻病毒的传播控制作用有限。18岁以下未成年人仍是呼吸道病毒感染的主要人群。Objective To investigate the distribution and prevalence of respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 epidemic in Ningbo,and to explore the influence of the epidemic on respiratory viruses,so as to provide basis for disease control and prevention.Methods From 2019 to 2021,respiratory samples(throat swabs)of the patients with influenza-like infection(ILI)in sentinel hospitals in Ningbo were retrospectively analyzed.The common respiratory viruses including influenza A virus,influenza B virus,respiratory syncytial virus,parainfluenza virus,human rhinovirus,human metapneumovirus and adenovirus were tested by real-time fluorescent PCR.Results A total of 7134 ILI cases were enrolled,and the positive rates of influenza virus from 2019 to 2021 were 26.67%(594/2227),4.22%(97/2299)and 7.75%(202/2608),respectively.The differences in annual positive detection rates were statistically significant(χ^(2)=606.32,P<0.001).The positive rates of respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus in 2021 were 6.06%(158/2608)and 3.68%(96/2608),respectively,which were significantly higher than those in 2020(χ^(2)=31.28 and 13.01,P both<0.001).The highest positive detection rates of respiratory viruses in 2020 and 2021 were in age group≤6 years,accounting for 24.32%and 35.75%,followed by age group 7-18 years,accounting for 19.58%and 22.01%.The positive detection rates of respiratory viruses among different age groups were significantly different(χ^(2)=104.74 and 103.86,P both<0.001).The positive rate of respiratory viruses in males was 5.32%(129/2426),which was higher than that in females with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=7.38,P=0.007).It was rare to find co-infection of respiratory viruses in Ningbo,which occasionally occurred among children under 6 years old.Conclusions The positive rate of respiratory virus infection decreases during the COVID-19 epidemic.As the epidemic control measures loosened,it is limited for the control of influenza virus,respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus.Teenagers under 18 yea

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒感染 流感病毒 呼吸道感染 呼吸道病毒 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]