生前预嘱制度的适用与完善建议——基于《深圳经济特区医疗条例》第78条  

Application and Suggestion for Improvement of Living Will System——Based on Article 78 of the Medical Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone

作　　者：姚迪迪 董惠江[1] YAO Di-di;DONG Hui-jiang(School of Law,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China;Faculty of Political Science and Law,Zhaoqing University,Zhaoqing 526061,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学法学院,哈尔滨150080 [2]肇庆学院政法学院,广东肇庆526061

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期64-71,共8页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：广东省普通高校青年创新人才项目“生前预嘱在我国的推广与适用”(2020WQNCX068)。

摘　　要：《深圳经济特区医疗条例》(简称《条例》)第78条首次将生前预嘱写进地方立法。为了大众能够积极适用生前预嘱制度,应明确该制度在提高患者临终生存质量、保障患者行使特殊拒绝权以及规避医疗替代决定弊端等方面具有重要价值。为了将来生前预嘱制度在实务中发挥其最大作用,在适用《条例》第78条时需对条文的提供者、医疗措施和执行前提进行扩大解释,对生前预嘱的形式进行体系解释。在未来生前预嘱进入国家层面立法时,要补充医疗决定能力的相关规定,建立立预嘱前的咨商程序,建立生前预嘱登记、修改和撤销机制,对违反预嘱内容的行为追究法律责任。Article 78 of the Medical Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has includedliving wills into local legislation for the first time,so as to enable the public to actively apply the living will system.It should be clear that the system has important value in improving the quality of life of patients at the end of life,protecting patients'exercise of special right of refusal and avoiding the disadvantages of medical alternative decision.In order to give full play to the living will system in practice,it is necessary to expand the interpretation of providers,medical measures and implementation premises in the provisions,and systematically explain the form of living wills.In the future,when living wills enter the national legislation level,it is necessary to supplement the relevant provisions of medical decision ability,establish the consultation procedure before making living wills,establish the registration,modification and revocation mechanism of living wills,and investigate the legal liability for violating the content of living wills.

关 键 词：生前预嘱 医疗自主 医疗选择 地方立法 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D927[政治法律—法学] D922.16