不同地力条件下施氮量对杂交籼稻干物质积累、氮肥利用率和产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Dry Matter Accumulation, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Hybrid Indica Rice under Different Soil Fertility Condition

作　　者：韩志丽 许桂玲[1] 冯跃华[1,2] 王晓珂 卢苇 李杰[1] 高钰琪 任红军 由晓璇 HAN Zhili;XU Guiling;FENG Yuehua;WANG Xiaoke;LU Wei;LI Jie;GAO Yuqi;REN Hongjun;YOU Xiaoxuan(College of Agronomy,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education),Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国稻米》2023年第2期34-39,共6页China Rice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360311,31160263);公益性行业(农业)科研专项子项目(201503118-03);贵州省高层次创新型人才项目(黔科合平台人才[2018]5632、5632-2);贵州省农业科技攻关项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2303号);贵州省特色粮油作物栽培与生理生态研究科技创新人才团队(黔科合平台人才[2019]5613号)。

摘　　要：在大田试验条件下,以宜香优2115为试验材料,设地力(高、较高、中、低)和施氮量(0、75、150和225kg/hm^(2))两因素处理,探明不同地力条件下施氮量对杂交籼稻干物质积累、转运和产量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量增加,穗前和成熟期干物质积累量有增加趋势;抽穗期至成熟期,随着施氮量的增加,茎叶干物质转运量和茎叶干物质转运对穗部贡献率均呈先增加后降低的趋势;随着施氮量的增加,氮肥吸收利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力,以及千粒重和结实率逐渐降低,每穗粒数和产量先增加后降低,而有效穗数逐渐升高。随着地力条件的降低,穗前、成熟期和穗后干物质积累量、茎叶干物质转运量和茎叶干物质对穗部的贡献率及穗部干物质增加量均呈逐渐下降趋势,氮肥吸收利用率和生理利用率亦有降低趋势,而偏生产力呈先增后降的趋势。水稻有效穗数和产量均随土壤地力的提高而增加,而每穗粒数表现为下降。回归分析表明,在高、较高、中、低地力条件下,水稻可获得的最高产量分别为10829.94、10107.20、9757.30和9112.37 kg/hm^(2),其对应的适宜施氮量分别为141.96、165.47、154.86和152.98 kg/hm^(2)。综上所述,中等施氮量能够使杂交籼稻在不同地力条件下获得较高的干物质积累量和转运能力,及较高的氮肥利用率,实现高产稳产。Under the conditions of field experiment, Yixiangyou 2115 was used as the test material, and two factors of soil fertility(high, relative high, medium and low) and nitrogen application levels(0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/hm^(2)) were set up, the effects of nitrogen application rate on dry matter accumulation, transportation, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and yield of hybrid indica rice under different soil fertility condition were studied. The results showed that in the range of 0~225 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen application rate, the dry matter accumulation of before heading and maturity stage increased with the nitrogen application rate increased. From heading stage to mature stage, with the increase of nitrogen application rate, stem-leaf dry matter transport amount and stem-leaf dry matter transport contribution rate to panicle increased first and then decreased. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the nitrogen absorption utilization rate, agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity, as well as 1 000-grain weight and seed setting rate gradually decreased, the number of grains per panicle and yield increased first and then decreased, while the effective panicle number increased.With the decrease of soil fertility conditions, the dry matter accumulation of before and after heading and mature stage and stem-leaf dry matter transport and the contribution rate of stem-leaf dry matter transport to panicle decreased, the fertilizer-N recovery efficien-cy and physiological efficiency also decreased, while the partial productivity of applied N first increased and then decreased. The number of effective panicles and yield increased with the improvement of soil fertility, while the number of grains per panicle de-creased. Regression analysis showed that under the conditions of high, relative high, medium and low soil fertility, the highest yields of rice were 10 829.94, 10 107.20, 9 757.30 and 9 112.37 kg/hm^(2), respectively, and the appropriate nitrogen application rates were141.96, 165.47, 154.86 and 152.98

关 键 词：杂交籼稻 地力 施氮量 干物质积累 产量 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]