黄淮海平原高盐低产田水稻覆膜旱直播滴灌栽培技术的建立及应用效果  

Establishment and Application Effect of Dry Direct Seeding and Drip Irrigation Cultivation System with Mulching Film for Rice in High Salinity and Low Yield Fields of Huang-HuaiHai Plain

作　　者：宋波 张文胜[2] 漆小泉[1] SONG Bo;ZHANG Wensheng;QI Xiaoquan(Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;Center of Agricultural Resources,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050022

出　　处：《中国稻米》2023年第2期103-107,共5页China Rice

基　　金：中国科学院STS项目“渤海粮仓高质量绿色发展技术集成与示范”(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-053)。

摘　　要：水稻旱直播覆膜滴灌栽培技术是一项高效节水农业技术,实现了给水和施肥一体化操作,在农业生产用水紧张的地区有很好的利用前景。为了探索该技术在黄淮海平原高盐低产田中应用效果,选取100份抗旱耐盐粳稻品种为材料进行试验研究。结果表明,100个粳稻品种中,平均幼苗成活率大于80.0%品种有15个;分蘖数大于11.0的有12个;株高大于80.0 cm的有10个;最终筛选到3个理论产量大于400.0 kg/667 m^(2)的品种。同时通过测量水稻各个生长期膜下土壤的含盐量,发现采用该技术可以将土壤含盐量从0.7%降低至0.2%,大幅减小了盐胁迫对水稻生长的影响。该技术不仅可以在黄淮海平原水稻旱直播中应用,也为当地的高盐低产田改造提供了一个新的方案。Dry direct seeding and drip irrigation cultivation system with mulching film for rice is a high-efficiency water-saving agricultural system, which realizes the integrated operation of water supply and fertilization, and has high utilization prospects in water-deficient area. 100 drought and salt-tolerant japonica rice varieties were selected and studied for the application effect of this system in high-salt and low-yield fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in the experiment. The results showed that, there were 15varieties with seedling survival rate greater than 80.0%, 12 varieties with a tiller number more than 11.0, 10 varieties with a plant height taller than 80.0 cm, 3 varieties with theoretical yield more than 400.0 kg/667 m^(2). At the same time, it was found that this system could reduce the salinity of the soil from 0.7% to 0.2%, greatly reducing the impact of salt stress on rice growth from measurement of the soil salinity of under the film in each growth period of rice. Therefore, this system not only can applly in dry direct seeding for rice in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, but also provides a new solution for the optimizing of local high-salinity and low-yield fields.

关 键 词：水稻 高盐低产田 旱直播覆膜滴灌 

分 类 号：S511.071[农业科学—作物学]