“任务-组织”范式下我国高等教育质量保障机构法律地位的反思与重构  

The Reflection and Reconstruction of the Legal Status of Higher Education Quality Assurance Institutions under the Task-organization Paradigm

作　　者：姚荣 YAO Rong

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学高等教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2023年第2期14-23,共10页University Education Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学青年课题“高等教育质量保障的法律规制研究”(CIA180271)。

摘　　要：长期以来,学界对于以教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心与教育部教育质量评估中心为代表的外部高等教育质量保障机构的法律地位界定,存在着“私法化”与“公法化”两种声音。其中,“私法化”的观点倾向于将高等教育质量保障机构界定为独立的第三方机构或社会中介组织,赋予其以非营利性法人的私法地位。与此不同,“公法化”的观点则主张将高等教育质量保障机构视为受政府行政委托的事业法人。放眼域外,大陆法系国家普遍赋予外部高等教育质量保障机构以独立行政机构或独立行政法人的公法地位,强调此类机构的独立性、公法性与专业性。我国高等教育质量保障机构法律地位的重构,应秉持规范主义与功能主义进路相统一的立场。一方面,基于“任务决定组织”的行政组织法基本原理,赋予高等教育质量保障机构以独立的公法身份,推动学位中心与评估中心作为教育部直属事业单位的公法人化改造。另一方面,基于规制法的理念,健全高等教育质量保障机构的自律规范与自主治理机制,构建多元规制主体之间良性互动的规制治理网络。For a long time,there have been two opinions of either public law or private law in Chinese academia to define the legal status of external higher education quality assurance institutions represented by the Degree and Graduate Education Development Center and the Education Quality Assessment Center of the Ministry of Education.Among them,the viewpoint of private law tends to define higher education quality assurance institutions as independent third-party institutions or social intermediary organizations,and provide them with the status of a non-profit legal person in private law.In contrast,the position of public law advocates that higher education quality assurance institutions should be regarded as legal bodies entrusted by government administration.Looking beyond the territory,civil law generally gives legal status to external higher education quality assurance institutions as independent administrative institutions by emphasizing independence,public regulation,and professionalism.The reconstruction of the legal status of higher education quality assurance institutions in China should adhere to the standpoint of unifying the normative and functional approaches.On the one hand,based on the basic principles of the administrative organization law of task-determining organization,higher education quality assurance institutions should be endowed with an independent public law identity,to promote the transformation of academic degree centers and evaluation centers as public institutions directly under the Ministry of Education.On the other hand,based on the concept of regulation law,improve the self-discipline and self-governance mechanism of higher education quality assurance institutions,and build a regulation and governance network with benign interaction between multiple regulatory bodies.

关 键 词：高等教育质量保障机构 任务决定组织 公法人 公法规制 合作治理 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]