苹果炭疽叶枯病病原菌分离鉴定及防治药剂的室内测定  

Isolation and Identification of Pathogen of Apple Glomerella Leaf Spot and Laboratory Determination of Control Agents

作　　者：吕昭龙 李继平[1,2] 郑果 惠娜娜[1] 王森山[2] 马生彪 王立 LYU Zhaolong;LI Jiping;ZHENG Guo;HUI Nana;WANG Senshan;MA Shengbiao;WANG Li(Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《植物医学》2023年第1期34-43,共10页Plant Health and Medicine

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划(2021GAAS07);国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS27);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200900)。

摘　　要：本研究对采自甘肃省礼县的苹果炭疽叶枯病病原菌种类进行了鉴定,并开展了防治药剂的室内筛选.通过组织分离法将病原菌分离纯化后,采用科赫氏法则进行致病性验证,结合形态学特征和内转录间隔区基因(Internal Transcribed Spacer,ITS)、 β-微管蛋白基因(β-Tubulin,TUB2)和肌动蛋白基因(Actin,ACT)多基因的系统发育分析对病原菌进行鉴定;并利用菌丝生长速率法测定6种化学杀菌剂对病原菌的抑制效果.结果表明,分离菌株为隐秘刺盘孢(Colletotrichum aenigma),可同时侵染叶片和果实,为当地苹果炭疽叶枯病致病菌.室内毒力测定结果表明,杀菌剂丙森锌和嘧菌环胺对菌丝的生长抑制效果较好,其EC_(50)值分别为0.698 0 mg/L和1.232 6 mg/L;抑霉唑和异菌脲抑菌效果次之,EC_(50)值分别为3.688 9 mg/L和2.684 0 mg/L;氰霜唑和氟啶胺抑菌效果较差,EC_(50)值分别为58.740 9 mg/L和33.647 7 mg/L.研究结果为苹果炭疽叶枯病的有效防治提供了参考依据.The purpose of this study was to determine the species of apple glomerella leaf spot in Li City, Gansu Province and to screen the control fungicides. In this study, the leaves suspected of being infected with apple glomerella leaf spot were used for isolation of the pathogen by tissue isolation method. The pathogenicity was verified by Koch’s rule. The phylogenetic analysis was performed with Internal Transcribed Spacer(ITS), the β-tubulin gene(TUB2), and the Actin gene(ACT) to identify the pathogen in combining with the morphological characteristics. The inhibitory effect of 6 kinds of chemical fungicides on isolates was determined by mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that the isolate was Colletotrichumaenigma.Its pathogenicity showed that it could infect not only leaves but also fruits. The results of laboratory toxicity test showed that the Cyprodinil and Propineb had better inhibitory effect on the growth of mycelia with EC_(50)value of 0.698 0 mg/L and 1.232 6 mg/L, respectively. The effects of Imazalil and Iprodione were less with EC_(50)value of 3.688 9 mg/L and 2.684 0 mg/L, respectively. The effects of Cyazofamid and Fluazinam were the least with EC_(50)value of 58.940 9 mg/L and 33.647 7 mg/L, respectively. This study provides a reference for the prevention and treatment of apple glomerella leaf spot.

关 键 词：炭疽叶枯病 隐秘刺盘孢 分离鉴定 毒力测定 

分 类 号：S432[农业科学—植物病理学]