基于健康栽培和精准用药的烟草黑胫病绿色防控技术研究——以四川省攀枝花盐边县和爱乡团结村为例  

Green Prevention and Control Technology Scheme of Tobacco Black Shank Based on Healthy Cultivation and Precise Chemical Application

作　　者：闫芳芳[1] 张宗锦[1] 刘志永 王悦 刘颖[3] YAN Fangfang;ZHANG Zongjin;LIU Zhiyong;WANG Yue;LIU Ying(Panzhihua Branch,Sichuan Tobacco Company,Panzhihua Sichuan 617000,China;Chongqing Xinong Plant Protection Technology Development Co.Ltd.,Chongqing 400700,China;College of Plant Protection,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司,四川攀枝花617000 [2]重庆西农植物保护科技开发有限公司,重庆400700 [3]西南大学植物保护学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《植物医学》2023年第1期103-109,共7页Plant Health and Medicine

基　　金：四川省烟草公司重点项目(SCYC202208)。

摘　　要：烟草黑胫病是严重威胁烟草产业发展的一类灭生性病害,具有难防控、影响范围广等特点.目前,我国防治烟草黑胫病主要采取优化栽培管理、进行化学与生物农药防控等措施.但单一的防控方法存在很多弊端,寻求新策略防治烟草黑胫病已迫在眉睫.本研究针对四川省攀枝花市盐边县和爱村烟草黑胫病发生严重、损失巨大的问题,在长期实践的基础上,明确构建烟草黑胫病绿色防控技术体系,运用拮抗菌剂基质拌菌技术、有机肥拌菌技术、抗性诱导技术、精准用药技术、中微量元素补充技术等多种技术协同调控植烟区土壤问题,提高烟株抗性,并系统评价了技术体系应用后对烟草黑胫病的控制效果以及烤烟质量的影响.研究结果表明,试验区烤烟的生长发育情况明显有优势.团棵期,试验区烟株株高、茎围和最大叶面积高于对照区的121.27%, 27.14%, 154.85%;旺长期,试验区烟株株高、茎围、有效叶片数和最大叶面积高于对照区的26.99%, 45.01%, 16.67%和124.32%.试验区烟草黑胫病发病始终轻于非处理区,对照区烟草黑胫病发病率为41.69%,病情指数为27.10,试验区烟草黑胫病发病率为6.85%,病情指数为1.95,与对照区相比,相对防效为92.80%,烟草黑胫病的发生显著减轻,可为今后运用综合的防治烟草黑胫病提供理论基础和技术支持.Tobacco black shank disease seriously threatens the development of the tobacco industry in tobacco growing areas. It is difficult to control and has a wide range of effect. At present, the main measures to control tobacco black shank are the optimization of cultivation management measures, chemical and biological pesticide prevention andcontrol. However, there are many drawbacks of single control method, so it is urgent to seek new strategies to prevent and control tobacco black shank. This article mainly introduces a green tobacco black shank prevention and control technology system. The soil problems in the tobacco planting area were regulated and the resistance of tobacco plants were improved by using antagonistic bacterial agent substrate mixing technology, organic fertilizer mixing technology, resistance induction technology, precise chemical application technology, medium and micro elements supplementation technology. The research set up the treated and non-treated areas in Yanbian Heai, Panzhihua, The treatment significantly promoted the growth and development of tobacco plants. The plant height, stem circumference and maximum leaf area were 121.27%, 27.14% and 154.85% higher than those of the control at the rosette stage. The plant height, stem circumference, effective leaf number and maximum leaf area of the plants in the treatment area were 26.99%, 45.01%, 16.67% and 124.32% higher than those in the control area at the vigorous stage.The results showed that the incidence of tobacco black shank in the treatment area was always less serious than that in the non-treatment area. The incidence of tobacco black shank in the treated area was 41.69% and the disease index was 27.10, while the incidence of tobacco black tibia in the non-treated area was 6.85% and the disease index was 1.95. The relative prevention efficiency of tobacco black shank in the treated area was 92.80% compared with that in the non-treated area, which significantly reduced the incidence of tobacco black shank and improved the resistance

关 键 词：烟草黑胫病 育苗基质拌菌 精准用药 健康栽培 绿色防控 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]