去中心化元宇宙的法治困境与出路  

The Legal Dilemma and Outlet of the Decentralized Metaverse

作　　者：龚涛 GONG Tao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2023年第1期112-124,共13页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“网络化开放创新范式下企业知识产权市场化保护与价值转化法律机制研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:21&ZD141。

摘　　要：元宇宙与沉浸式网络游戏之间的本质区别在于,它具有连接虚拟世界与现实世界的经济体系。基于区块链的应用程度,元宇宙可以分为中心化、部分去中心化以及去中心化3种架构。去中心化私人数字货币存在严重的法律和金融风险,应坚决予以禁止,但禁止任何数字货币的监管政策切断了虚拟世界与现实世界的经济连接点,应允许去中心化程度较弱的其他数字货币存在。非同质化通证(Non-Fungible Token, NFT)为数字财产提供了一种去中心化的确权和流通方式,但NFT在元宇宙内发挥的作用有限,应警惕资本的过度炒作。去中心化自治组织(Decentralized Autonmous Organization, DAO)革新了元宇宙的治理模式,但完全去中心化的用户自治会导致法律责任主体缺失。从长远来看,真正有发展潜力的是部分去中心化元宇宙或中心化元宇宙。The essential difference between a metaverse and an immersive online game is that the former has an economic system that connects the virtual world with the real world. Based on the degree of application of blockchain, metaverse can be divided into three architectures: centralization, partial decentralization and decentralization. Decentralized private digital currency has serious legal and financial risks and should be resolutely prohibited. However, the regulatory policy of prohibiting any digital currency will cut off the economic connection between the virtual world and the real world, and other digital currencies with a weaker degree of decentralization should be allowed. Though NFT provides a way to determine the ownership of digital property and facilitate its circulation, it plays a limited role in metaverse,so we should be vigilant to guard against excessive speculation in the market. DAO has revolutionized the governance model of metaverse, but the complete decentralization of user autonomy will lead to the lack of the subject of legal responsibility. In the long run, the real potential for development is the partial decentralized metaverse or centralized metaverse.

关 键 词：元宇宙 去中心化 数字货币 NFT DAO 

分 类 号：D0-052[政治法律—政治学]