不同体重四川白鹅消化生理、免疫和肠道微生物的比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of Digestive Physiology,Immunity and Gut Microbiota of Sichuan White Goose with Different Body Weight

作　　者：袁岩聪 何航 刘安芳[1] 万堃 章杰[1] YUAN Yancong;HE Hang;LIU Anfang;WAN Kun;ZHANG Jie(College of Animal Science and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 402460,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College,Chongqing 404155,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学动物科学技术学院,重庆402460 [2]重庆三峡职业学院动物科技学院,重庆404155

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2023年第3期1124-1134,共11页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(XDJK2019C094);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN202103507);重庆三峡职业学院重点科研项目(cqsx202002)。

摘　　要：旨在比较分析不同体重四川白鹅消化生理、免疫和肠道微生物的差异。随机选取400只70日龄四川白鹅的体重数据进行正态分布分析,筛选出高体重(HW)、低体重(LW)鹅各24只,然后测定免疫和消化相关指标,并利用16S rRNA测序技术检测肠道微生物。结果显示:HW组平均日增重显著高于LW组(P<0.05),而初始体重无差异(P>0.05);HW组淀粉酶活性、肌胃、腺胃、回肠指数、十二指肠和空肠黏膜厚度、空肠和回肠绒毛高度、绒隐比均显著高于LW组(P<0.05),但回肠隐窝深度显著低于LW组(P<0.05);HW组IgA、IgM、IgG、溶菌酶含量及胸腺、法氏囊指数显著高于LW组(P<0.05);HW和LW组肠道微生物α多样性无显著差异(P>0.05),而β多样性组间差异显著(R^(2)=0.25,P=0.02);门水平上,主要由Bacteroidetes(HW:43.50%;LW:53.69%)和Firmicutes(HW:39.24%;LW:26.47%)组成;属水平上,相对丰度占比1%以上的共有菌有Bacteroides、Desulfovibrio、Oscillibacter等7种;共有25种(HW:18,LW:7)优势细菌标志物在HW和LW组之间存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中HW组的优势菌为Fusobacteriales、Clostridiales、Acholeplasmatales,而LW组的优势菌为Bacteroidales。结果提示:四川白鹅体重与其消化生理、免疫和肠道微生物密切相关,良好的消化和免疫功能能够提高营养物质的消化吸收和抵抗疾病的能力,有益菌丰度的升高促进体重的增加。The aim of this study was to comparatively analyze the differences in digestive physiology,immunity and gut microbiota in Sichuan white goose with different body weight.Normal distribution analysis was performed on the body weight of 400 Sichuan white geese at 70-day-old,and 24 high weight(HW)and 24 low weight(LW)geese were selected.The immune and digestive indexes were determined,and the gut microbiota was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing technology.The results showed that the average daily gain(ADG)of HW group was significantly higher than that of LW group(P<0.05),while there was no difference in initial body weight(P>0.05).The amylase activity,organ indexes of muscle stomach,glandular stomach and ileal,mucosal thickness of duodenum and jejunum,villus height and villus height/crypt depth of jejunum and ileum were significantly higher in HW group than those of the LW group(P<0.05),but crypt depth of ileum was significantly lower than that of LW group(P<0.05).The IgA,IgM,IgG,lysozyme content,organ indexes of thymus and bursa were significantly higher in HW group than those of the LW group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in gut microbialα-diversity between HW and LW groups(P>0.05),whileβ-diversity differed significantly between the two groups(R^(2)=0.25,P=0.02).At the phylum level,it was mainly composed of Bacteroidetes(HW:43.50%;LW:53.69%)and Firmicutes(HW:39.24%;LW:26.47%).At the genus level,seven kinds of common bacteria,including Bacteroides,Desulfovibrio and Oscillibacter etc.,respectively accounted for more than 1%of the relative abundance.A total of 25(HW:18,LW:7)dominant bacterial markers were significantly different between the HW and LW groups(P<0.05).The dominant bacteria in the HW group were Fusobacteriales,Clostridiales and Acholeplasmatales,while the dominant bacteria in the LW group were Bacteroidales.The results suggested that the body weight of Sichuan white geese was closely related to its digestion,immune performance and gut microbiota.Good digestion and immune function can improve

关 键 词：体重 四川白鹅 消化生理 免疫 肠道微生物 

分 类 号：S835.1[农业科学—畜牧学]