湿热地区夏季户外遮阳对人体生理温度与热舒适的影响  

Effects of Outdoor Shading on Human Physiological Temperature and Thermal Comfort in Hot-Humid Areas in Summer

作　　者：马金辉 唐鸣放[1,2] 任晶 方巾中 MA Jinhui;TANG Mingfang;RENG Jing;FANG Jinzhong(Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area,Ministry of Education,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China;School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室,重庆400045 [2]重庆大学建筑城规学院,重庆400045

出　　处：《建筑节能（中英文）》2023年第2期110-117,共8页Building Energy Efficiency

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目“山地高密度城市高温热浪灾害防控与管理机制研究”(19GBL004)。

摘　　要：在全球气候变暖的背景下,湿热地区城市热环境面临着严峻的挑战,户外遮阳是改善城市热环境的有效措施,为探析夏季户外遮阳空间下人体生理量的变化与热舒适特点,选取无遮阳、植物与高架桥遮阳三类空间为研究对象,在夏季对其热环境参数与人体生理温度进行监测,并对人体热感觉和热舒适展开同步问卷调研。结果表明:从室内转向室外,人体生理温度变化主要分为两个阶段,第一阶段呈现不同程度的增大,无遮阳环境各生理温度增长速率均明显高于遮阳环境;第二阶段人体逐渐适应室外环境达相对稳态后,生理温度在一定范围内波动,期间无遮阳环境平均皮肤温度均值为34.42℃,分别高出植物与高架桥遮阳环境1.31℃与1.49℃;热舒适投票均值为1.24,分别高出植物与高架桥遮阳环境1.09和0.91个单位。此外,无遮阳环境下人体主观投票随停留时长变化明显,1 h内TSV与TCV均增大了约0.5个单位,而有遮阳环境的投票值则表现相对稳定。研究结果可为完善热适应模型、改良室外热舒适实验及理解城市微气候舒适感受机理提供数据支持与参考。Under the background of global warming,the urban thermal environment in hot-humid areas is facing serious challenges.Outdoor shading is an effective measure to improve the urban thermal environment.In order to analyze the changes of human physiological quantity and thermal comfort characteristics in outdoor shading space in summer,this paper selects three types of spaces without shading,plants and viaduct shading as the research objects.In summer,the thermal environment parameters and human physiological temperature are monitored,and the human thermal sensation and thermal comfort are investigated by synchronous questionnaire.The results show that the change of physiological temperature was mainly divided into two stages from the indoor to the outdoor.The first stage showed different degrees of increase.The growth rate of physiological temperature in non-shading environment was significantly higher than that in shading environment.In the second stage,when the human body gradually adapts to the outdoor environment to reach a relatively steady state,the physiological temperature fluctuates in a certain range.The average skin temperature in the non-shading environment is 34.42 ℃,which is 1.31 ℃ and 1.49 ℃ higher than that in the plants and viaduct shading environment,respectively.The average thermal comfort vote was 1.24,which was 1.09 and 0.91 units higher than that of plants and viaduct shading environment,respectively.In addition,the subjective voting of human body in the non-shading environment changed significantly with the duration of stay,and the TSV and TCV increased by about 0.5 units within one hour,while the voting value in the shading environment was relatively stable.The research results can provide data support and reference for improving thermal adaptation model,improving outdoor thermal comfort experiment design and summarizing human thermal physiological changes.

关 键 词：户外遮阳 室外热环境 人体热反应 动态热感觉 动态热舒适 

分 类 号：TU119[建筑科学—建筑理论]