交易成本视域下美国新闻客观性生成历史再探讨  

Re-research on the Objectivity of American News from the Perspective of Transaction Cost Theory

作　　者：阎立峰 刘露 Yan Lifeng;Liu Lu(School of Journalism and Communication,Xiamen University)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海峡媒体研究中心,福建厦门361005 [2]厦门大学新闻传播学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《新闻界》2023年第2期4-12,共9页Journalism and Mass Communication

基　　金：厦门大学“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助”(2072021017)。

摘　　要：从交易成本的理论视角解释为什么新闻客观性原则会发生、发展于美国的商业报纸,无疑是一个新的尝试路径。既往的以职业意识形态为推导前提的研究忽视了这样一个重要的事实:即新闻客观性原则是诞生于美国的商业环境之下,伴随着商业报纸的发展一起发展的,而作为新闻和新闻“客观性”的生产主体,商业报纸有着自身的价值规律和商业逻辑。研究认为,对于商业性报纸而言,客观性原则不仅仅是报纸的编辑方针,还是一种重要的经营策略和治理机制,可以降低报业组织的内部交易成本和外部市场交易费用,提高资源使用效率,增加利润空间,而这才是新闻客观性原则出现和长期屹立不倒的核心所在。The American news industry is arguably run by its laws of news values and business logic.This paper aims to explore the principle of news objectivity in American commercial newspapers from a theoretical perspective of transaction costs. Previous studies on professional ideology have overlooked its origin that rooted in American commercial environment and developed along with commercial newspapers. This study indicates that the principle of objectivity is not only an editorial policy for commercial newspapers, but also a business strategy and governance mechanism, which reduces both the internal and external transaction costs of news production and improves the use of resources. Furthermore, news efficiency can increase the profit margin, and this is the core reason for the emergence and maintenance of the principle of news objectivity, but also an important reason for today’s challenges when information customization has been realized.

关 键 词：客观性 美国新闻史 交易成本 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学]