作物超高产品种生理及产量性状对施肥量的响应研究综述  

A Review of the Responses of Crop Ultra-High Product Species to Fertilization Rates

作　　者：王婷婷[1,2] 饶德民 孟凡钢 于德彬[2] 张鸣浩 张伟[2] WANG Ting-ting;RAO De-min;MENG Fan-gang(Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,Jilin 130118;Soybean Research Institute of Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jilin Branch of National Soybean Engineering Technology Research Center,Changchun,Jilin 130033)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院大豆研究所/国家大豆工程技术研究中心吉林分中心,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第5期1-4,11,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-04-PS12);吉林省科技发展计划项目(YDZJ202102CXJD009)。

摘　　要：通过对相关资料的整理与分析,阐述了玉米、水稻、小麦、大豆4种主要作物的光合作用、根系特性、品质产量等对施肥量的响应,分析了未来作物栽培中进一步加强对施肥量研究的必要性和重要性,并指出具体的施用量应从实际调查和生产经验的综合分析中确定,作物生理和产量性状在合理的范围内随着施肥量的增加而增加,肥料配比与作物品种、土壤类型、气候环境等因素密切相关。在不同的作物间,相同作物的不同品种间的最佳施肥量因多种因素不同。基于已有研究成果,今后需要在研究不同作物品种时具有针对性,探索各品种最适宜施肥用量和氮磷钾配比,从而使肥料充分发挥其功效以达到节能减肥、增产增质的目的,为作物超高产品种栽培方向研究及作物产量的提高和土壤的可持续耕作提供一定的科学依据和理论帮助。Through the collation and analysis of relevant data,this paper expounds the response of photosynthesis,root characteristics,quality yield,etc.of the four main crops of corn,rice,wheat and soybean to the fertilization amount,analyzes the necessity and importance of further strengthening the study of fertilization in future crop cultivation,and points out that the specific application amount should be determined from the actual investigation and comprehensive analysis of production experience,crop physiology and yield traits increase with the increase of fertilization within a reasonable range,fertilizer ratio and crop varieties,soil types,climatic and environmental factors are closely related.The optimal amount of fertilizer between different varieties of the same crop varies due to a variety of factors.Based on the existing research results,in the future,it is necessary to be targeted when studying different crop varieties,explore the most suitable fertilizer dosage and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium ratio of each variety,so that the fertilizer can give full play to its effect to achieve the purpose of energy saving,weight loss,yield and quality increase,and try to provide certain scientific basis and theoretical help for the research progress of crop ultra-high product cultivation direction and the improvement of crop yield and sustainable soil cultivation.

关 键 词：施肥量 产量 光合作用 叶面积指数 氮肥 

分 类 号：S506[农业科学—作物学]