甲烷氧化耦合污水脱氮研究进展  

Research advances of methane oxidation coupled to nitrogen removal of wastewater

作　　者：郝晓地[1] 孙思辈 李季[1] 吴远远 HAO Xiaodi;SUN Sibei;LI Ji;WU Yuanyuan(Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies,Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment(Ministry of Education),Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境省部共建教育部重点实验室,中-荷污水处理技术研发中心,北京100044

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第3期1-15,共15页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.52170018)。

摘　　要：污水处理厂厌氧池或污泥厌氧消化系统存在着溶解态甲烷(DCH_(4))外溢风险,不仅会造成直接碳排放,也形成资源/能源的浪费.另一方面,污水处理厂常常需要外加碳源来满足脱氮需要,导致运行成本增加和间接碳排.若转换思路,利用CH_(4)作为脱氮碳源,则有可能一箭双雕地解决问题.基于此,首先综述了好氧与厌氧甲烷氧化形式、发现/发展路径,并剖析它们的代谢途径及相关微生物.以此为基础,重点总结以NO_(3)^(-)、NO_(2)^(-)、甚至强温室气体N_(2)O作为电子受体的厌氧甲烷氧化途径,并从经济性和碳减排等方面论述甲烷厌氧氧化耦合反硝化(DAMO)工艺的潜在应用前景.最后,从接种微生物、培养环境等方面剖析DAMO工程应用的技术限制与瓶颈.综述表明,好氧甲烷脱氮技术功能微生物所需生存环境相左,致使工艺在实践中难以应用;相形之下,厌氧甲烷反硝化技术则较具应用潜力,但仍需深入研究,以提高功能微生物的鲁棒性.There are releasing risks of dissolved methane(DCH_(4))in anaerobic tanks and/or sludge anaerobic digestion systems of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),which can result in direct greenhouse gases(GHG)emissions and waste resource/energy.On the other hand,WWTPs often need carbon sources to meet the need of nitrogen removal,both increasing operational costs and forming indirect carbon emission.Provided that CH_(4) could be utilized as a carbon source for nitrogen removal(shift of ideas!),the goal of the proposal might be thus twofold.With this philosophy in mind,discovery/development paths of both aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation are summarized,and then involved microorganisms and associated metabolic pathways are analyzed.Based on the summary and analysis,anaerobic methane oxidation pathways via NO_(3)^(-),NO_(2)^(-) and even N_(2)O are mainly summarized,and denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation(DAMO)is discussed towards potential engineering applications,especially from the viewpoints of economy and carbon emission reduction.Finally,technical limitation and bottleneck of DAMO in engineering applications are dissected from the aspects of inoculating microorganisms and their associated environments.It is revealed that aerobic methane denitrification seems difficult to be applied in engineering due to the contradictory environments required by functional microorganisms and by contrast that anaerobic methane denitrification has some potentials to be engineered but more in-depth researches are still needed to improve functional microbial robustness.

关 键 词：甲烷 好氧氧化 厌氧氧化 耦合脱氮 氧化亚氮(N_(2)O) 甲烷厌氧氧化耦合反硝化(DAMO) 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]