基于物种敏感度分布的典型抗生素的长期水质基准推导及其在生态风险评估中的应用  

Long-term water quality criteria derivation of typical antibiotics based on species sensitivity distribution and its application to ecological risk assessment

作　　者：林颖 高俊敏[1] 郭劲松[1] 侯先宇 张玲 吴京成 LIN Ying;GAO Junmin;GUO Jinsong;HOU Xianyu;ZHANG Ling;WU Jingcheng(Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment,Ministry of Education,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400045

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第3期503-515,共13页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFD1100501,2019YFD1100504);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(No.CYB22037)。

摘　　要：国内外现有水质标准均缺乏抗生素的标准值,针对中国具体流域状况开展抗生素水质基准研究,可以为制定我国抗生素的水质标准提供参考,并为评估水环境中抗生素的潜在风险提供依据.本研究基于至少3门8科、10种生物的急性、慢性毒性数据,利用Log-logistic和Burr Ⅲ两种分布模型,在系统尺度上构建了氧氟沙星(OFC)、阿莫西林(AMX)、土霉素(OTC)、磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)、红霉素(ETM)和氯霉素(CAP)6种典型抗生素的物种敏感度分布曲线,推导出它们的长期水质基准值(LWQC).同时,基于这6种抗生素的水质基准评估了我国部分水环境中抗生素的生态风险和联合毒性风险.结果表明,OFC、AMX、OTC、SMX、ETM和CAP的LWQC分别为3.2614、1.2633、1.3353、4.7803、4.7950和1.1535μg·L^(-1).白洋淀6种抗生素的联合毒性风险呈中风险水平;太湖和珠江三角洲的ETM、松花江的OFC及珠江的ETM和CAP也呈现出中风险水平;辽河面临的抗生素污染风险最大,其OFC、ETM、SMX呈中风险水平,OTC呈高风险水平.There are still no criteria value for antibiotic in the existing water quality standards at home and abroad.The research on antibiotic water quality criteria based on the specific watershed in China can provide a reference for formulating water quality standards of antibiotics,and a basis for evaluating the potential risks posed by antibiotics in the water environment.In this study,acute and chronic toxicity data of at least 3 phyla,8 families and 10 species of organisms to 6 antibiotics including ofloxacin(OFC),amoxicillin(AMX),oxytetracycline(OTC),sulfamethoxazole(SMX),erythromycin(ETM)and chloramphenicol(CAP)were first collected.Then these toxicity data were used to construct the species sensitivity distribution curves of the 6 antibiotics at a systematic scale through log-logistic and Burr Ⅲ distribution models to deduce their long-term water quality criteria(LWQC).Meanwhile,the individual ecological risk and joint toxicity risk in some water environments in China were evaluated based on the LWQC of the 6 antibiotics deduced.The LWQC of OFC,AMX,OTC,SMX,ETM,and CAP were deduced to be 3.2614,1.2633,1.3353,4.7803,4.7950,and 1.1535μg·L^(-1),respectively.The joint toxicity risk of the 6 antibiotics in Baiyangdian posed a medium ecological risk.Individual antibiotics in watersheds such as ETM in Taihu Lake and Pearl River Delta,OFC in Songhua River,ETM and CAP in Pearl River also posed medium ecological risks.By comparison,antibiotics contamination in Liaohe River posed the greatest risk,of which OTC posed a high risk,followed by OFC,ETM,and SMX at medium ecological risks.

关 键 词：抗生素 急性和慢性毒性数据 Log-logistic分布模型 BurrⅢ分布模型 物种敏感度分布 长期水质基准(LWQC) 生态风险 

分 类 号：X651[环境科学与工程] X820.4