沈乘麐的《韵学骊珠》和曲韵理论  

On Shen Chenglin's Treatise Yunxuelizhu and Theories of Melody Rhymes

作　　者：俞为民[1] YU Wei-min(School of Humanities,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325035)

机构地区：[1]温州大学人文学院,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《艺术百家》2023年第1期85-93,共9页Hundred Schools In Arts

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金冷门绝学和国别史研究专项“曲韵研究”(项目编号:19VJX148)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：沈乘麐精于度曲,因此,他的《韵学骊珠》专为度曲演唱而作:一是在每一韵目后标明收音方式;二是小韵前皆注明发声部位和出音方式,在同一声调内的小韵还按宫、商、角、徵、羽、变宫、变徵七音分为七类,每一类又分为22种不同的出音方式。这给度曲者提供了具体的借鉴和指导,从而有助于唱准字声。《韵学骊珠》合南北曲韵于一谱,以南曲韵谱为主,依据南方语音的特征,在韵谱框架和编排体例上,对《中原音韵》作出了调整。沈乘麐的发声理论用古代宫、商、角、徵、羽、变宫、变徵七音之名代替喉、牙、舌、齿、唇五个发音部位,不仅涵盖了整个七声音阶,而且对出音方式的描述更为具体,也更加有利于度曲者掌握。As an expert,Shen Chenglin's treatise Yunxuelizhu is specially written for melody composition and singing.The treatise indicates the way of sound closing after each rhyme entry,also indicates the way and place of articulation before the branches of rhymes.In order to provide specific reference and guidance for the composer of the song,and make the singer sing the character sound correctly,the treatise divides the branches of rhymes into seven categories according to the tones of Gong,Shang,Jue,Zhi,Yu,Half Gong and Half Zhi,and each category is divided into 22 different ways of articulation.Mainly based on the phonetic features of southern,Yunxuelizhu combines the southern Chinese music rhyme system with the northern ones,and adjusts the rhyme framework and compilation arrangement of Zhongyuanyinyun.By replacing the place of articulation with the names of Gong,Shang,Jue,Zhi,Yu,Half Gong and Half Zhi,Shen Chenglin's theory of vocalization not only covers the whole seven scales,but also describes the way of vocalization in a more specific and easier way to master.

关 键 词：《韵学骊珠》 曲韵谱 度曲演唱 南北曲合韵谱 发声理论 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]