受渍指数构建及其在长江中下游小麦渍害风险评估中的应用  

Constructing the wheat waterlogging damage index for risk assessment in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：胡佩敏 HU Peimin(Meteorology Agency of Jingzhou City,Jingzhou 434020,China)

机构地区：[1]荆州市气象局,荆州434020

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第2期100-106,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31871516)。

摘　　要：渍害是长江中下游地区影响小麦生长发育的一种主要农业气象灾害,针对目前渍害评估方法中考虑致灾因子不全面和没有考虑作物耐渍性生育期差异等问题,该研究提出了以整个生长季受渍指数表征小麦受渍程度特征的量化模型。该模型综合考虑了土壤低氧对根系影响和不同生育期内小麦耐渍性差异,并将2016—2022年SMAP(soil moisture active passive)土壤表层含水率产品数据代入模型中计算长江中下游地区各栅格点(10 km×10 km)受渍指数值,通过分析受渍指数与小麦产量的关系,确定受渍指数5.3为是否受渍的阈值,从而得到长江中下游地区受渍率空间分布,并依据受渍率进行分区风险评估。结果表明:湖北省、安徽省、江苏省小麦发生渍害地区主要集中在长江沿线,即各省南部,主要以中风险区为主;湖南省、江西省小麦发生渍害高风险区主要集中在各省的中部,2省其他区域都为中风险区。长江中下游地区全域无渍害区面积占20.0%,低风险区占14.8%,中风险区占30.1%,高风险区占35.7%。研究可为作物渍害精细化风险评估提供可靠的方法与手段。Subsurface waterlogging is one of the primary agro-meteorological disasters threatening the wheat yield in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River.However,the current waterlogging assessment cannot fully meet the practical requirement in recent years,particularly without considering the hazard factors and the waterlogging tolerance variances in the growth period of the crop.In this study,a novel characteristic model was proposed using the Waterlogging Index(WI)index in the whole growth period,in order to represent the degree of wheat sub-surface waterlogging.Among them,the characteristic quantity(dimensionless parameter)was obtained to calculate from the APSIM(Agricultural Production Systems Simulator)model.After that,the influence of hypoxia on the total root system was evaluated to serve as the daily wheat waterlogging damage index.The average value on the daily influence function of wheat was taken to amplify 1000 times for the WI index in the whole growth period.As such,the WI index was selected to consider the influence of soil hypoxia on the root system,and the variant of wheat waterlogging tolerance in the different growth stages,according to the daily soil volumetric water content.The relationship was finally determined between the spoilage index and wheat meteorological yield.The results show that:Meteorological yield was negatively correlated with the WI index(the complex correlation coefficient was 0.65,and the sample size was 14).Specifically,the higher the WI index was,the lower the meteorological yield was.The linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between them.It was found that the regression curve intersected with the X-axis at 5.3(i.e.,the WI index greater than 5.3),while the meteorological yield was negative,indicating that the weather was unfavorable to wheat growth.Hench,WI of 5.3 was determined to be the threshold of spoilage.The soil moisture active passive(SMAP)soil surface moisture product data from 2016 to 2022 were substituted into the model,in order to ca

关 键 词：土壤含水率 根系 胁迫 小麦渍害 SMAP产品 风险评估 

分 类 号：S166[农业科学—农业气象学]