基于公平与效益原则的流域水污染负荷分配研究  

Research for wastewater load allocation at a watershed scale based on equity and efficiency

作　　者：周天宇 俞阳 赵锐 闵雪峰[1] 冯珂 ZHOU Tianyu;YU Yang;ZHAO Rui;MIN Xuefeng;FENG Ke(Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756;State-Province Joint Engineering Research Lab in Spatial Information Technology for High Speed Railway Operation Safety,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院,四川成都611756 [2]西南交通大学高速铁路运营安全空间信息技术国家地方联合共建工程实验室,四川成都611756

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2023年第3期419-426,共8页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.42101315、No.41571520);四川省自然科学基金资助项目(No.2022NSFSC1012);四川省青年科技创新团队项目(No.2022JDTD0005);四川循环经济研究中心课题(No.XHJJ-2005、No.XHJJ-2002);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(No.2682021CX069、No.2682021ZTPY088);中国工程院咨询研究项目(No.Q113520S02003)。

摘　　要：为改善流域水环境质量,以乡镇单元为流域污染物总量控制单元,基于公平与效益原则构建了多目标水污染负荷分配模型,分别采用理想点法与基于淘汰算子的改进非支配排序遗传算法Ⅲ(NSGA-Ⅲ-EO)求解分配模型。以眉山市东坡区江东片区为研究区,对研究区COD入河总量进行分配,分析了两种求解算法的优化性能,并制定了兼顾公平与效益的污染物排放方案。研究结果表明:理想点法获得的优化分配方案具有较高的污染物削减率(16.65%);NSGA-Ⅲ-EO得到的综合最优分配方案的效益与公平性更佳,其中污染物削减率为12.70%,综合环境基尼系数为2.4898,环境效益为37.84亿元,污染排放成本为89.89亿元。证实了流域污染总量控制中存在兼顾社会公平和效益的均衡策略,构建的优化模型可为流域污染防治提供多种可选的污染防控方案,为各利益主体提供策略参考。For improving the quality of water environment in the basin,this paper constructed a multi-objective wastewater load allocation model based on equity and efficiency by taking township units as pollutant control units,and the ideal point method and the improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅢbased on elimination operator(NSGA-Ⅲ-EO)were used to solve the allocation model respectively.Taking Jiangdong Subunit,Dongpo District,Meishan City as the study area,the total amount of COD into the river in the study area was allocated,the optimization performance of the two optimization algorithms was analyzed,and the pollutant emission scheme was proposed considering both equity and efficiency.The results showed that the optimal allocation scheme obtained by the ideal point method had a higher pollutant reduction efficiency of 16.65%,while the comprehensive optimal allocation scheme obtained by NSGA-Ⅲ-EO had better efficiency and equity,in which the reduction efficiency was 12.70%,the comprehensive environmental Gini coefficient was 2.4898,the environmental benefit was 3.784 billion yuan,and the pollution emission cost was 8.989 billion yuan.This study confirmed the existence of an equilibrium strategy for total pollution control in the basin that taked into account equity and efficiency.The developed optimization model could provide a variety of alternative pollution control schemes for pollution prevention and control in the basin,and provide a strategic reference for all stakeholders.

关 键 词：水污染负荷分配 多目标优化 公平 效益 污染排放成本 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]