用电路噪声测量玻尔兹曼常量和电子电荷  

Measuring Boltzmann constant and electron charge based on circuit noise

作　　者：宋冰睿 张立帆 齐潇骏 刘佳睿 张翀玮 王中平 张增明 SONG Bingrui;ZHANG Lifan;QI Xiaojun;LIU Jiarui;ZHANG Chongwei;WANG Zhongping;ZHANG Zengming(School of the Gifted Young,School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Yan Jici Talent Program of Physics,School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;c.Physics Experiment Teaching Center,School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学少年班学院,安徽合肥230026 [2]中国科学技术大学严济慈物理科技英才班,安徽合肥230026 [3]中国科学技术大学物理学院物理实验教学中心,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《物理实验》2023年第3期43-49,共7页Physics Experimentation

摘　　要：设计并搭建热噪声和散粒噪声测试电路系统,利用锁相放大器,从极强的背景噪声中提取微弱待测电信号,输入参考信号实现频谱搬移测量法,测定了玻尔兹曼常量k和电子电荷e.该实验能够加深学生对电路噪声特性的理解,掌握锁相放大器技术和微弱信号测量方法.A circuit system for measuring thermal noise and shot noise was designed and built.The weak electrical signal to be tested from strong background noise by using lock-in amplifier,then the Boltzmann constant and electron charge were measured based on frequency-shifting method through inputting reference signal.The experiment could strengthen students’comprehension of circuit noise,and a good grasp of technology of lock-in amplifier and measurement method of weak electrical signal.

关 键 词：玻尔兹曼常量 电子电荷 频谱搬移测量法 热噪声 散粒噪声 锁相放大器 参考信号 

分 类 号：TM131[电气工程—电工理论与新技术]