低碳、近零碳、零碳公共建筑碳排放控制指标研究  

Research on Carbon Emission Control Index of Low-carbon,Nearly Zero-carbon and Zero-carbon Public Buildings

作　　者：张时聪 王珂 徐伟 ZHANG Shicong;WANG Ke;XU Wei(China Academy of Building Research,Beijing 100013,China;Jianke EET Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]建科环能科技有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《建筑科学》2023年第2期1-10,35,共11页Building Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“零碳建筑控制指标及关键技术研究与应用”(编号:2022YFC3803300);住房和城乡建设部研究开发项目“零碳建筑定义与指标体系研究”(编号:K20221910);中国建筑科学研究院有限公司基金“居住建筑和公共建筑低碳、碳中和设计方法与关键技术研究”(20220109330730005)。

摘　　要：公共建筑功能类型复杂,碳排放强度受能源结构、气候区、建筑类型等多种因素影响,其碳排放量差别较大,如何科学设定不同气候区不同类型建筑的低碳、近零碳、零碳排放控制指标是引导公共建筑减碳的重要基础性工作。本文首先系统分析了GB 50189—2015《公共建筑节能设计标准》、GB 55015—2021《建筑节能与可再生能源利用通用规范》、GB/T 51350—2019《近零能耗建筑技术标准》之间相对节能比例、运行参数、能耗限值的联系,在此基础上分别研究了提升建筑能效和提升可再生能源应用对公共建筑减碳的量化影响,并提出了低碳、近零碳、零碳公共建筑分级控制指标约束方法与数值建议。结果表明:提升建筑能效至超低能耗建筑能效水平可使得各气候区、各类公共建筑碳排放强度较基准建筑下降30%~40%以上;若在建筑达到近零能耗建筑能效指标的基础上进一步增加建筑可再生能源应用,相对于基准建筑的减碳率可再增加15%;以GB 55015—2021《建筑节能与可再生能源利用通用规范》中各类公共建筑全口径碳排放强度为基准值,以实现零碳排放为目标值,将公共建筑碳排放分为低碳、近零碳、零碳三级进行引导,采用相对减碳率或碳排放强度绝对值进行约束,则不同气候区低碳建筑相对减碳率建议为30%~40%,近零碳建筑相对减碳率建议为45%~55%,并从建筑类型、气候区、太阳能资源分区分别提出碳排放强度绝对值建议。The functional types of public buildings are complex,and their carbon emission intensity is affected by a variety of factors such as energy structure,climate zone,and building type,leading to large differences in their carbon emissions.How to scientifically set the low-carbon,nearly zero-carbon,zero-carbon control index of different types of buildings in different climate zones is an important fundamental work to guide the carbon reduction of public buildings.This paper analyzed the relationship between the relative energy saving ratio,operating parameters,and energy consumption limits among GB 50189—2015“Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings”,GB 55015—2021“General Code for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Application in Buildings”,and GB/T 51350—2019“Technical Standard for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings”.It further studied the quantitative impact of improving building energy efficiency and increasing the proportion of renewable energy on the carbon reduction of public buildings,and proposed the constraint method and numerical suggestions for the classification control index of low-carbon,nearly zero-carbon and zero-carbon public buildings.The results show that the improvement of building energy efficiency to ultra-low energy consumption can reduce the carbon emission intensity of public buildings in each climate zone and all types of public buildings by more than 30%~40%compared with the benchmark buildings.If the renewable energy application of the building is strengthened on the basis of reaching the nearly zero-energy building index,the carbon reduction rate of the benchmark building can be further increased by 15%.The full-diameter carbon emission intensity of various public buildings under the GB 55015—2021“General Code for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Application in Buildings”is taken as the base value,and the carbon emission of public buildings is divided into three levels:low-carbon,nearly zero-carbon and zero-carbon for target guidance,and the re

关 键 词：低碳建筑 近零碳建筑 零碳建筑 公共建筑 控制指标 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]