低碳、近零碳、零碳居住建筑碳排放控制指标研究  

Research on Carbon Emission Control Index of Low-carbon, Nearly Zero-carbon and Zero-carbon Residential Buildings

作　　者：张时聪 王珂 杨芯岩 徐伟 ZHANG Shicong;WANG Ke;YANG Xinyan;XU Wei(China Academy of Building Research,Beijing 100013,China;Jianke EET Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]建科环能科技有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《建筑科学》2023年第2期11-19,57,共10页Building Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“零碳建筑控制指标及关键技术研究与应用”(编号:2022YFC3803300);住房和城乡建设部研究开发项目“零碳建筑定义与指标体系研究”(编号:K20221910);中国建筑科学研究院有限公司基金“居住建筑和公共建筑低碳、碳中和设计方法与关键技术研究”(20220109330730005)。

摘　　要：制定低碳、近零碳、零碳建筑碳排放分级控制指标是国家标准《零碳建筑技术标准》的重要技术工作,本文分析了影响居住建筑碳排放的关键影响因素和碳中和目标下实现零碳居住建筑的技术途径,在此基础上分别计算了提升建筑能效等级和调整建筑用能结构对居住建筑碳排放的影响度,并根据28栋示范项目的实际碳排放强度进行比对校准,提出低碳、近零碳、零碳居住建筑碳排放控制指标形式和数值建议。结果表明:实现居住建筑零碳排放需要建筑用能侧和能源生产侧协同推进,在电网目前清洁化水平下,提升建筑能效等级能够使居住建筑较GB 55015—2021《建筑节能与可再生能源利用通用规范》的等效碳排放降低10%~38%,调整建筑用能结构可降低碳排放5%~33%;如以GB 55015—2021《建筑节能与可再生能源利用通用规范》居住建筑等效碳排放强度为基准值,以实现零碳排放为目标,将居住建筑碳排放分为低碳、零碳两级进行目标引导,则建议将不同气候区低碳建筑碳排放控制指标设定在18~22 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a),如将居住建筑碳排放分为低碳、近零碳、零碳三级进行目标引导,则将低碳建筑控制指标建议设定为18~22 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a),近零碳建筑控制指标建议设定为13~17 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a)。Establishing a carbon emission control index for low-carbon, nearly zero-carbon and zero-carbon buildings is a key work of national standard “Technical Standard of Zero-carbon Building”. This paper analyzed the key influencing factors of residential buildings’ carbon emissions and the ways to achieve zero-carbon buildings under the goal of carbon neutrality. It further calculated the impact degree of building energy efficiency improvement and building energy structure adjustment on residential buildings’ carbon emissions. The calculated results were compared and calibrated with the carbon emission intensity of 28 demonstration projects, and then the carbon emission control index forms and numerical suggestions of low-carbon, nearly zero and zero-carbon residential buildings were proposed. The results show that the realization of zero-carbon emissions of residential buildings requires the collaborative efforts form the energy consumption side and the energy production side. Under the current level of the clean power grid, improving the energy efficiency level of buildings can reduce the carbon emissions of residential buildings by 10%~38% compared with the GB 55015—2021“General Code for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Application in Buildings”, and improving the energy structure of buildings can reduce the carbon emissions of residential buildings by 5%~33%.With the GB 55015—2021“General Code for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Application in Buildings” as the benchmark, and zero-carbon emissions as the goal, if residential building carbon emissions are divided into low-carbon and zero-carbon for goal guidance, then it is suggested that the carbon emissions control indicators of low-carbon buildings in different climate zones should be set as 18~22 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a). If residential building carbon emissions are divided into low-carbon, nearly zero-carbon, and zero-carbon for goal guidance, it is suggested that the control index of low-carbon buildings in different climate zones

关 键 词：低碳建筑 近零碳建筑 零碳建筑 控制指标 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]