建筑碳排放标准化计算的电力碳排放因子取值研究  

Study on the Value of Electricity Emission Factor for Standardized Calculation of Building Carbon Emission

作　　者：张时聪 王珂 徐伟 ZHANG Shicong;WANG Ke;XU Wei(China Academy of Building Research,Beijing 100013,China;Jianke EET Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]建科环能科技有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《建筑科学》2023年第2期46-57,共12页Building Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“零碳建筑控制指标及关键技术研究与应用”(编号:2022YFC3803300);住房和城乡建设部研究开发项目“零碳建筑定义与指标体系研究”(编号:K20221910);中国建筑科学研究院有限公司基金“居住建筑和公共建筑低碳、碳中和设计方法与关键技术研究”(20220109330730005)。

摘　　要：建筑碳排放控制指标是引导建筑迈向低碳、近零碳、零碳排放的重要技术指标,科学合理的确定计算建筑碳排放控制指标时所选取的电碳因子是推动低碳、近零碳、零碳建筑发展的重要基础性问题。本文梳理了目前已有电碳因子的来源、类别和适用范围,分析了不同类型电碳因子在建筑领域碳排放计算中的应用方式,综合考虑电网清洁度提升和建筑自身能效提升对建筑减碳的贡献,提出建筑碳排放标准化计算中的电碳因子取值应以“全国技术难度一致性、标准执行周期公平性、建筑低碳方案引导性和有关各方认知一致性”为目的,并研究了取值方法。结果表明:从空间维度考虑,单体建筑设计阶段采用全国统一电碳因子可增强建筑节能和减碳技术应用的一致性;从时间维度考虑,采用动态电碳因子取值法进行建筑碳排放计算存在时间不公平性,会导致以同等碳排放绝对值为控制目标时,越晚设计建造的建筑对于减碳技术的应用越少;当采用静态电碳因子取值法时,如采用基准年法(0.581 kgCO_(2)/kW·h)进行取值计算将弱化电气化率提升的减碳作用。因此,本文提出采用静态中间值法(0.5或0.45 kgCO_(2)/kW·h)作为下一阶段固定周期内(2023—2030年)建筑设计阶段碳排放标准化计算的电碳因子取值,这样即可体现电网清洁化对建筑减碳的贡献,又可充分引导建筑设计阶段采用提升电气化率的技术方案。Building carbon emission control index is an important technical index to guide buildings towards low-carbon,nearly zero-carbon and zero-carbon emissions.Scientific and reasonable determination of the electricity emission factor selected when calculating the building carbon emission control index is an important fundamental problem for the development of low-carbon,nearly zero-carbon and zero-carbon buildings.In this paper,the existing sources,categories and application scope of electricity emission factors were reviewed,and the application scenarios of different types of factors in the calculation of related carbon emissions in the building sector were analyzed.Considering the contribution of the improvement of power grid cleanliness and the improvement of building energy efficiency to building carbon reduction,this paper proposed that the value of electric carbon factor should be based on“the consistency of national technical difficulty,the fairness of standard implementation cycle,the guidance of low-carbon building scheme and the consistency of the cognition of all parties concerned”,and then studied the reasonable value method.The results show that,from the spatial dimension,the use of a national uniform carbon factor in the design stage of single buildings can enhance the uniformity of the application of energy-saving and carbon reduction technology.From the time dimension,the use of the dynamic carbon factor value method for building carbon emission calculation has time inequity,which will lead to the fact that under the same carbon emission control target,the later buildings are designed and constructed,the less the application of carbon reduction technologies.When the static carbon factor value method is used,the carbon reduction effect of the electrification rate increase will be weakened if the base year method(0.581 kgCO_(2)/kW·h)is used for calculation.Therefore,the static intermediate value method(0.5 or 0.45 kgCO_(2)/kW·h)was proposed in this paper as the electric carbon factor value for the

关 键 词：低碳建筑 零碳建筑 碳排放计算 电碳因子 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]