温湿度对建材甲醛散发的影响研究进展  

Research Progress of Influences of Temperature and Humidity on Formaldehyde Emissions from Building Materials

作　　者：梁卫辉 LIANG Weihui(Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学,南京210093

出　　处：《建筑科学》2023年第2期245-250,260,共7页Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“室内建材甲醛与热湿耦合传递机理和模型研究”(52278109)。

摘　　要：甲醛是最典型且健康危害较大的一种装修污染物,也是绿色建筑和健康建筑评价中限制最严格的污染物之一。温湿度是影响甲醛散发的关键因素,也是导致室内甲醛浓度出现季节性变化的主要原因。本文系统地梳理了温度、湿度影响建材甲醛散发规律的实验和理论研究成果。温度和湿度均对建材甲醛散发有促进作用,其中温度影响更大。初始可散发浓度和扩散系数随着温度的升高而升高,分离系数随着温度的升高而降低。温度影响建材甲醛散发的机理主要有Langmuir吸附理论和分子运动论,基于此建立了散发关键参数与温度之间的理论关系式。散发关键参数与湿度的关系式均为经验关系,湿度影响甲醛散发的机理主要包括水解反应和竞争吸附。虽然目前有关温度、湿度影响建材甲醛散发的实验和理论研究成果很多,但工程上仍然采取的简化计算方法。可用于准确描述室内甲醛长期散发特征的理论模型依然非常欠缺。Formaldehyde is one of the most typical decoration pollutants with adverse health effects, and it is also one of the pollutants with the strictest limitation in the green and healthy building assessment. Temperature and humidity are the key factors affecting formaldehyde emission, and also the main reasons leading to the seasonal variation of indoor formaldehyde concentration. This paper systematically reviewed the experimental and theoretical study results on the influences of temperature and humidity on formaldehyde emission from building materials. Both temperature and humidity can promote formaldehyde emission from building materials, among which temperature has a greater impact. The initial emittable concentration and diffusion coefficient increase with the increase in temperature, while the partition coefficient decreases with the increase in temperature. Langmuir adsorption and molecular kinetic theory are the main mechanisms interpreting the temperature effect. Theoretical correlations between emission parameters and temperature were established based on them. The correlations between emission parameters and humidity are empirical. The mechanism of humidity affecting formaldehyde emission mainly includes hydrolysis and competitive adsorption. Although there are many experimental and theoretical results on the influences of temperature and humidity on formaldehyde emission, only a simplified method is adopted in engineering. The theoretical model that can accurately describe the long-term emission characteristics of indoor formaldehyde is still missing.

关 键 词：室内空气品质 温湿度 人造板 散发关键参数 传质模型 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]