苹果产品零部件全球价值链分布格局变化及驱动机制  

Geographical evolution and driving mechanism of global value chains of Apple’s parts

作　　者：康江江 宁越敏[2] KANG Jiangjiang;NING Yuemin(Institute of Applied Economics,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200020,China;School of Urban and Regional Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院应用经济研究所,上海200020 [2]华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《地理研究》2023年第3期617-635,共19页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42101213);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(17JJD790007)。

摘　　要：苹果产品零部件全球价值链是反映全球电子信息产业格局及指示产业迁移扩散的风向标。利用苹果公司公布的2012—2020年供应商及其子公司数据,研究了苹果产品零部件全球价值链地理分布特征及变化,并从全球化、市场化、地方化以及技术管制分析驱动机制。研究发现:第一,苹果产品零部件全球价值链宏观格局具有非常强的少数国家或地区集中分布特征。美国、日本、韩国、中国台湾以及少数东南亚国家在价值链中高端环节具有较强分布优势,而中国则在中、低端环节具有明显分布优势。第二,苹果产品零部件全球价值链的总体格局为高价值环节供应商以美国、日本双核为“龙头”,中等价值环节以日本、中国、中国台湾三强作“龙身”,低价值环节以中国和中国台湾为“龙尾”,形成了一种新型联动式“龙型”发展格局,中国逐渐向“龙身”迈进。第三,苹果产品零部件全球价值链微观分布主要呈现出“太平洋东岸研发设计、西岸零件制造”格局。中、高价值零部件环节倾向于布局在北美、西欧、东亚以及东南亚等地的主要城市化地区,而低价值零部件环节主要呈现向中国东南沿海大城市及周边和向内陆扩张趋势,越南、印度的新兴城市化地区释放出较强的在中、低端环节“分流”信号。第四,全球化催生了苹果产品零部件全球价值链的基本形态,市场化主导了这一形态,而地方化要素和技术管制在不断构建新的形态,通过综合影响促使苹果产品零部件全球价值链集中在东亚和东南亚、北美及西欧的主要城市化地区。Using Apple’s supplier companies and their subsidiaries in 2012,2015,2018 and2020,this paper examines the geographic distribution characteristics and the trend of changes of global value chains of Apple’s parts.Then we analyze the driving mechanisms from four aspects:Globalization,marketization,localization,and technology control.This study reached four major findings.Firstly,the distribution of supplier’s subsidiaries of Apple’s parts are highly concentrated in a few countries or regions,particularly in the middle and low-value links.The United States,Germany,Japan,South Korea,China’s Taiwan,and a few Southeast Asian countries have significant distribution advantages in the middle and high-end links of global value chains of Apple’s parts,and China has clear distribution advantages in the middle and low-end links.Secondly,the broad pattern of global value chains of Apple’s parts is that the high-value links of suppliers are led by the United States and Japan,the medium-value links of suppliers are from Japan,Chinese mainland and China’s Taiwan,and the low-value suppliers are led by the Chinese mainland and China’s Taiwan,which forms a new type of linked"dragon-shaped"growth pattern,with China advancing progressively toward the"body"of the dragon.Thirdly,the global production map of Apple’s parts mainly shows the geographical pattern of"R&D on the east coast of Pacific and manufacturing on the west coast".The middle and high-value links of supplier’s subsidiaries are tending to be located in urban areas in North America,Western Europe,East Asia and Southeast Asia,while the low-value links of supplier’s subsidiaries mainly spread to large cities in and around the southeast coast of China,such as Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta.The emerging urbanized areas in Vietnam and India have released strong signals of"diversion"of middle and low-end links of supplier’s subsidiaries.Fourthly,globalization has produced the basic form of global value chains of Apple’s parts,which is dominat

关 键 词：苹果产品零部件 全球价值链 全球化 市场化 地方化 技术管制 

分 类 号：F416.63[经济管理—产业经济] F274