“门罗主义”的演进与美国对拉美战略  

The Evolution of the"Monroe Doctrine"and US'Strategy Towards Latin America

作　　者：贺双荣[1] 思特格奇 He Shuangrong;Sitegeqi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所国际关系研究室 [2]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)国际战略研究院非洲与拉美研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2023年第1期50-73,154,155,共26页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：中央党校国际战略研究院创新工程“非洲和拉美战略支点国家研究项目”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：即将迎来200周年的“门罗主义”至今仍被视为美国对拉美政策的基石,这不仅反映了美国对拉美战略目标的稳定性,也反映了门罗主义的灵活性。门罗主义在伴随美国霸权演变的过程中不断被赋予新的内涵。在服务于美国霸权目标的同时,门罗主义也成为美国在拉美进行领土扩张、干涉和控制拉美、排斥域外大国以及实现美国全球扩张的工具。基于门罗主义的美国对拉战略随着美国霸权地位的变化而调整。在美国霸权主导的时代,美国缺乏对拉美的长期战略,美国对拉美的政策呈现“忽视—应激反应”的周期性循环。在后霸权时期,美国对拉战略目标和战略框架没有太大变化,但美国对拉美战略呈收缩之势,美国主要两党的对拉战略差异扩大。从门罗主义的视角出发,探讨美国霸权在崛起、确立及衰落过程中如何处理与周边国家的关系,以及中国作为西半球最大的域外影响因素如何规避美国遏制风险,对中国而言具有启发意义和现实价值。The year 2023 will mark the 200th anniversary of the"Monroe Doctrine",which is still widely regarded as the cornerstone of US foreign policy towards Latin America.The endurance of the Monroe Doctrine reflects the stability of the goals of the United States'strategy towards Latin America,as well as the flexibility of this Doctrine.With the development of American hegemony,the Monroe Doctrine has been given new content.By serving the hegemonic goals of the US,the Monroe Doctrine functions as an instrument for territorial expansion,intervention in Latin American countries,and containment of the influence of powers from other regions.Based on the Monroe Doctrine,US'foreign policy towards Latin America varies according to its hegemonic status.When the US could dominate as a hegemon,there tends to be a lack of long-term strategy towards Latin America,resulting in a cycle of"benign neglect"and reaction upon stimulation.In the post-hegemonic period,there are no major changes in Us'strategic goals and frameworks for Latin America,but there is a strategic retrenchment of the US in this region.Meanwhile,there is a growing discrepancy between the two major parties of US,i.e.,the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.For China,which possesses great influence in Latin America as an external actor,it is inspiring to study how the U.S.deals with its neighbouring countries in its development history from the perspective of the Monroe Doctrine.This study also aim to help China avert the risks caused by the U.S.containment policy.

关 键 词：门罗主义 美拉关系 美国外交 国际战略 

分 类 号：D873[政治法律—政治学]