2021/2022年冬季全球大气环流特征及主要灾害性天气分析  

Analyses of atmospheric circulations and severe weather events during 2021/2022 boreal winter

作　　者：赵威 周宁芳 杨舒楠 向纯怡 ZHAO Wei;ZHOU Ning-fang;YANG Shu-nan;XIANG Chun-yi(National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2023年第1期1-9,共9页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41575090)资助。

摘　　要：利用国家气象信息中心发布的第一代全球大气/陆面再分析产品数据分析了2021/2022年北半球冬季全球大气环流的主要特征及其主要灾害性天气。结果表明:2021/2022年北半球冬季全球陆地降水偏多、气温偏高、灾害性天气多、极端性强。北半球对流层上层中高纬大气环流主要呈现出“三槽三脊”特征,前期太平洋—北美地区PNA负位相环流形势最强,后期北大西洋涛动(NAO)正位相环流形势最为显著,中高纬度槽脊强度和位置变化是造成欧亚大陆和北美低温、寒潮暴风雪等灾害性天气的直接原因。南半球极涡为单极型,基本位于极圈内且大部分时段强度偏强,副热带高压强度偏强且稳定少动,造成澳大利亚、阿根廷等地持续高温天气。2月南印度洋热带气旋活跃,一个月内先后有4个热带气旋登陆或影响马达加斯加,造成严重洪涝灾害。In this paper,the main characteristics of general atmospheric circulation and severe weather events during 2021/2022 boreal winter were analyzed using China′s First Generation Global Atmosphere and Land Reanalysis Search data(CMA-RA).The results show that the mean precipitation and temperature over land during 2021/2022 boreal winter are higher,and extreme and severe weather occurs frequently.The upper high atmosphere circulation in the Northern hemisphere mainly presents characteristics of"three troughs and three ridges".Negative phase of Pacific-North America(PNA)teleconnection becomes the strongest circulation in early time,then late the North Atlantic oscillation(NAO)positive phase is the most significant circulation.The change of strength and position of troughs and ridges in high-middle latitude is the immediate cause for the severe weather,such as snowstorms and tornadoes hitting many places including Europe,Western Asia,and North America.The polar vortex in the southern hemisphere is uni-polar and located towards the southern Pacific.The subtropical high is strong and stable,which causes Australia and Argentina to suffer from persistent heat waves.The tropical cyclones are abnormally active over the south Indian Ocean.In February of 2022,four tropical cyclones are made landfall and causing severe flooding and other disasters in Madagascar.

关 键 词：爆发性气旋 暴风雪 热带气旋 高温天气 

分 类 号：P434[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]