一次孤立单体雹暴过程“ZDR柱”演变特征分析  

Analysis of Evolution Characteristics of“Z_(DR)Column”in an Isolated Hail Storm

作　　者：沈雨 周筠珺[1,3] 邹书平[4] 杨哲 曾勇 SHEN Yu;ZHOU Yunjun;ZOU Shuping;YANG Zhe;ZENG Yong(Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,College of Atmospheric Science,Chengdu University of Information&Technology,Chengdu 610225;Shiyan Meteorological Bureau,Hubei,Shiyan 442000;Collaborative Innovation Centeron Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster(CIC-FEMD),Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044;Guizhou Province Weather Influencing Office,Guiyang 550081)

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,成都610225 [2]湖北省十堰市气象局,十堰442000 [3]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预警预报与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [4]贵州省人工影响天气办公室,贵阳550081

出　　处：《气象科技》2023年第1期104-114,共11页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41875169);贵州省科技计划项目黔科合支撑([2019]2387号);四川省重点研发项目(2022YFS0545);云南省重点研发项目(202203AC100006)资助。

摘　　要：为了研究孤立单体内“Z_(DR)柱”(差分反射率因子柱)的演变特征,利用X波段双偏振雷达数据,结合地面观测资料与再分析资料对2018年5月8日的一次孤立单体降雹过程进行了分析,结果表明:(1)孤立单体发展阶段,“Z_(DR)柱”跃增,跃增后0℃层以上过冷水数量与高密度霰数量骤增,变化率分别为26.7库/min与11.8库/min。成熟阶段,“Z_(DR)柱”深度延展至接近-20℃层,单体内微物理反应加剧,冰雹数量骤增,生成速率为105.8库/min。“Z_(DR)柱”转化面积为210库的“Z_(DR)洞”(差分反射率因子洞)(Z_(DR)<1),可以指示地面降雹位置。(2)降雹发生在“Z_(DR)柱”崩塌后,固体降水物的拖拽作用使得“Z_(DR)柱”高度降至-10℃层以下。小雹下落至0℃层以下时融化,表层形成水膜,导致降雹时近地面出现Z_(DR)大值区。(3)孤立单体内微物理过程与热动力过程相互作用,促进了“Z_(DR)柱”的生成发展。本文针对一次孤立单体雹暴过程不同阶段“Z_(DR)柱”的演变特征进行了分析,并建立了相对应的雹暴模型,对当地冰雹的预警及防治有重要的意义。In order to study the evolution characteristics of the Z_(DR)column in an isolated cell,the hailing process of an isolated cell on May 8,2018,is analyzed by using X-band dual-polarization radar data combined with ground observation data and reanalysis data.The results show that:(1)In the development stage of an isolated cell,the Z_(DR)column increased rapidly.After the jump,the number of SWAs(Supercooled Water Areas)and HDGs(High Density Graupels)above the 0℃layer increased sharply,and the change rates were 26.7 bins per minute and 11.8 bins per minute,respectively.In the mature stage,the depth of the Z_(DR)column extended to the nearly-20℃layer,the microphysical reaction in the monomer intensified,the number of hail increased rapidly,and the generation rate was 105.8 bin/min.The Z_(DR)column was transformed into a Z_(DR)hole(Z_(DR)<1)with an area of 210 bins,which indicates the ground hail location.(2)Hail occurred after the collapse of the Z_(DR)column.The height of the Z_(DR)column dropped below-10℃due to the dragging effect of solid precipitation.When the small hail fell below the layer of 0℃,it melted and formed a water film on the surface,resulting in the Z_(DR)large value area near the ground during the hail fall.(3)The interaction between the microphysical process and thermal dynamic in the isolated cell promoted the formation and development of the Z_(DR)column.In this paper,the evolution characteristics of the Z_(DR)column in different stages of an isolated hail storm are analyzed,and the corresponding hail storm model is established,which is of great significance to the early warning and prevention of local hails.

关 键 词：双偏振雷达 Z_(DR)柱 粒子识别算法 微物理 热动力 

分 类 号：P426.64[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P415.2