川藏地区及川藏铁路沿线风场特征分析  

Analysis of Wind Field in Sichuan-Tibet Area and along Sichuan-Tibet Railway

作　　者：刘杰 楚志刚[2] LIU Jie;CHU Zhigang(CMA Communication and Outreach Center,Beijing 100081;Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210025)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气象宣传与科普中心,北京100081 [2]南京信息工程大学,南京210044

出　　处：《气象科技》2023年第1期142-148,共7页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0105);国家重点研发项目(2018YFC1506603XX)资助。

摘　　要：雷暴大风是影响铁路建设和交通运营安全的主要气象灾害之一,而川藏铁路作为连接四川省和西藏自治区的干线铁路,其沿线地理形势复杂,气候特征多样,被称为“最难建的铁路”,本文旨在定量分析川藏地区和川藏铁路的风场变化特征,以为川藏铁路建设和铁路列车运行、防灾减灾以及实时动态监测预警和风险评估提供科学依据。文章采用2004—2020年地面气象站观测风场和2006—2020年极大风风速资料,结合2000—2020年近21年的NCEP FNL地面风场数据,对川藏地区和川藏铁路沿线拉萨、林芝、雅安、成都4个高铁站附近的风场时空分布特征和变化规律进行分析,研究表明:(1)川藏地区西部风力高于东部,高原内陆风力大于高原东南缘和四川省。11月至次年3月是高原内陆风速最大的月份,月平均风速在高原北部和南缘能够达到7 m/s以上,夏秋季风速较小。(2)选取川藏铁路沿线拉萨站、林芝站、雅安站和成都站4个站点风场进行分析,风速表现为高原西部向东部减小的趋势。(3)在研究时段内,2018—2020年川藏铁路沿线平均风速和极大风速均呈明显增加趋势,拉萨和林芝站的大风日数也有所增加,因此2018年以来川藏铁路沿线处于风速上升期,对铁路的风险处于增大阶段。Thunderstorm gale is one of the main meteorological disasters affecting railway construction and transport safety.As a trunk railway connecting Sichuan Province and Tibet Region,the Sichuan-Tibet railway is known as the“most difficult railway”because of its complex geographical situation and diverse climate characteristics.This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the wind field characteristics in the Sichuan-Tibet region,provide the scientific basis for the construction of the Sichuan-Tibet railway,and the monitoring,reducing,early warning and risk assessment of disasters along the railway.The spatial distribution characteristics and temporal variation of the wind speed in the Sichuan-Tibet region and along Sichuan-Tibet railway stations are analyzed using the NCEP FNL surface wind data from 2000 to 2020,ground meteorological stations’wind speed data from 2014 to 2020 and extremely wind speed data from 2006 to 2020.The results show that:(1)The wind force in the west of the Sichuan-Tibet region is higher than that in the east,and the wind speeds in the inland of the plateau are higher than those in the southeast edge of the plateau and Sichuan Province.Wind speed is the largest from November to March of the next year on the plateau,with a monthly average wind speed of more than 7 m/s in the northern and southern edges of the plateau.Wind speeds in summer and autumn are the smallest in the plateau.(2)The wind fields of Lhasa Station,Nyingchi Station,Ya’an Station and Chengdu Station along the Sichuan-Tibet railway are selected for analysis.The wind speeds show a decreasing trend from the west of the plateau to the east.(3)During the study period,the mean wind speed and maximum wind speed along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway show an obvious increasing trend from 2018 to 2020,and the number of strong wind days in Lhasa and Nyingchi also increased.Since 2018,the wind speed along the Sichuan-Tibet railway has increased,and the wind risk to the railway was increasing.

关 键 词：川藏地区 川藏铁路 风速 时空分布 

分 类 号：P425[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]