取食生境对白鹤越冬行为的影响  

Effects of Feeding Habitats on Overwintering Behavior of Grus leucogeranus

作　　者：刘洁 黎敏灵 刘继超 吴志勇 程彬彬 孔凡前 张微微[1] LIU Jie;LI Minling;LIU Jichao;WU Zhiyong;CHENG Binbin;KONG Fanqian;ZHANG Weiwei(Center for Wildlife and Nature Reserves,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Nanchang Zoo,Nanchang 330025,China;Jiangxi Lushan National Nature Reserve Administration,Jiujiang,Jiangxi Province 332800,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学野生动植物与自然保护地研究中心,南昌330045 [2]南昌市动物园,南昌330025 [3]江西庐山国家级自然保护区管理局,江西九江332800

出　　处：《四川动物》2023年第2期152-160,共9页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：教育部博士点基金项目(20123603120003);江西省教育厅基金项目(GJJ180225)。

摘　　要：为探究人工生境与自然生境下白鹤Grus leucogeranus的行为差异及其可能对白鹤造成的影响,2021年1—2月,采用焦点动物取样法对鄱阳湖2个人工生境(藕塘、稻田)和1个自然生境(常湖池)的越冬白鹤行为进行了观察。结果表明,越冬期白鹤在不同生境下均以觅食行为为主,在稻田中比例最高(94.6%),觅食频次显著高于藕塘(P<0.001);稻田中的警戒行为频次显著高于藕塘和常湖池(P<0.001;P=0.002),而藕塘和常湖池中的警戒行为频次无显著差异。白鹤在不同生境下食物的种类、营养成分、觅食方式均会影响白鹤越冬期行为及时间分配。本研究为加强越冬白鹤人工生境的保护与管理提供指导和依据。In order to explore the temporal distribution and behavioral differences of Grus leucogeranus in the artificial and natural habitats in winter,a focus animal sampling method was used to study the wintering behaviors of G.leucogeranus in 2 artificial habitats(lotus pond and rice field)and 1 natural habitat(Changhu Lake)in the Poyang Lake from January to February,2021.The results showed that foraging was the main behavior of G.leucogeranus in the 3 habitats and was the highest in the rice field(94.6%).The foraging frequency in rice field was also significantly higher than that of in lotus pond(P<0.001).The frequency of vigilance in rice field was significantly higher than that in lotus pond and Changhu Lake(P<0.001;P=0.002),while no significant difference was observed in the frequency of vigilance between lotus pond and Changhu Lake.In addition,the food types,nutritional composition and foraging methods of cranes are different among habitats,and these will influence the behavior and time allocation of cranes during the overwintering period.This study provides guidance and basis for strengthening the protection and management of artificial habitat for overwintering crane.

关 键 词：白鹤 人工生境 自然生境 越冬行为 

分 类 号：Q959.[生物学—动物学]