医疗设备延期保修策略与定价——基于博弈论的最优决策  

Optimal design and pricing of extended warranty policy for medical equipment:A game-theory approach

作　　者：张才文 谭清元 ZHANG Cai-wen;TAN Qing-yuan(School of Business,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学管理学院,广州510275

出　　处：《管理科学学报》2023年第2期15-35,共21页Journal of Management Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71771221)。

摘　　要：研究制造商和医院在医疗设备延期保修策略和定价问题上的博弈和最优决策.与现有研究相比,本文提出了更加灵活多样的延保策略,并考虑了设备的预防性检修这一重要的售后服务选项.本研究将医院分成两种类型,即大型医院和中小型医院.制造商提供6种延期保修方案供医院选择.由于受到各种现实条件的制约,在医疗设备售后服务市场上,医院依赖于制造商提供延期保修服务,因此本文采用了Stackelberg模型分析制造商和医院之间的博弈和决策,构建了Weibull/M/S/∞/M_(1)+M_(2)/FCFS服务排队模型,并基于制造商利润最大化和医院效用最大化求得均衡解,最后采用仿真优化技术进行数值分析.研究发现,制造商的最优策略是在自己维保队伍的能力范围内尽可能服务更多的大型医院以提高自己的利润;而两类医院作为博弈的跟随者,他们的最优策略是选择享有维修优先权的高级全保方案,其中包含定期的预防性检修和故障维修服务,以实现效用最大化.另一方面,对于医疗设备的延保服务,包含预防性检修和故障维修的策略相对于仅提供故障维修的策略来说是一个帕累托改进,他能同时提高制造商的利润并降低医院的延保成本.鉴于此,对医疗设备进行预防性检修应该作为一项标准实践来推广.This paper is focused on the decision-making problems involved in designing and pricing extended warranty(EW)policies for medical equipment.Compared with previous studies,we offer more flexible and realistic EW policies for hospitals to choose.An important improvement on previous research is that preventive maintenance(PM)services are incorporated as part of the EW policies.Hospitals are classified into two groups,namely large general hospitals and small and medium ones.For various reasons such as technical expertise,spare parts availability and intellectual property protection,repair and maintenance services for medical equipment are usually monopolized by the manufacturer.Therefore,a Stackelberg game,where the manufacturer is the leader and the hospitals are the follower,is adopted to model the decision process between them.A Weibull/M/S/∞/M_(1)+M_(2)/FCFS queuing model is used to simulate the service processes.The optimization problem is constructed based on maximizing the profit of the manufacturer and maximizing the utilities of the hospitals.By use of simulation-based optimization,we can obtain the equilibrium solution.The main findings include:1)The optimal strategy for the manufacturer is to service as many large general hospitals as the capacity of the maintenance teams allows to maximize its profit;2)The optimal strategy for the hospitals is to choose the warranty policy that includes both PM and failure repairs with priority for service to maximize their utilities;3)A warranty policy offering both PM and failure repairs,compared with one offering only failure repairs,is a Pareto improvement.As a result,PM services should be adopted as standard practice in medical equipment post-sales services.

关 键 词：医疗设备 延期保修 预防性检修 STACKELBERG博弈 排队模型 

分 类 号：F224.3[经济管理—国民经济]