劳动密集型制造业与高质量就业:数字时代的逻辑解析  

Theoretical Mechanism and Policy Logic of High Quality Employment in Labor-intensive Manufacturing Industry in the Digital Economy Era

作　　者：沈梓鑫 江飞涛[2] SHEN Zixin;JIANG Feitao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所、中国经济社会发展与智能治理实验室,北京100732 [2]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《学术月刊》2023年第2期56-66,158,共12页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“数字经济和实体经济深度融合机制的政治经济学研究”(21BJL076)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在“就业优先”战略导向下,充分挖掘劳动密集型制造业就业创造效应的潜能,在保持其对低技能劳动者强大吸附作用的同时,抓住数字经济和实体经济深度融合的机遇期,释放高质量就业红利,促进就业扩容提质,成为重要议题。基于政治经济学、演化经济学、劳动经济学等多维视角,通过分析劳动密集型制造业的高质量就业前景,着力于讨论数字经济时代中国劳动密集型制造业继续充当就业稳定器所面临的机遇和挑战。研究发现:(1)无论是在前五次技术革命浪潮中,还是在新一轮科技革命下,劳动密集型制造业都能创造出高质量的就业机会;(2)基于演化经济学的分析,认为从事高质量经济活动的劳动者通常呈现出工人实际工资高、规模报酬递增、不完全竞争、具有技术和生产率的外溢性等特征,属于高质量就业;(3)为应对劳动力市场供需错配挑战,需引导大企业建立技能转岗培训机制,完善数字化人力资源培养体系;(4)在深度融合背景下,平衡好劳动密集型制造业技术迭代与高质量就业之间的关系,其关键在于实现规模经济和效率经济。Under the guidance of the“employment priority”strategy,it have become important issues thatto fully tap the potential of employment creation cffect of labor-intensive manufacturing industry,whilc maintaining its strong adsorption effect on low-skilled workers,and to seize the opportunity period of deep integration of digital economy and rcal cconomy,relcasing high-quality cmployment dividends and promoting employmcnt cxpansion and quality improvement.This paper chooses to analyze the high-quality employment prospects of labor-intensive manufacturing industry from the perspectives of political economics,cvolutionary cconomics and labor economics,and focuses on the opportunities and challenges faced by China's labor-intensive manufacturing industry as an employment stabilizer in the digital economy era.The study found that labor-intensive manufacturing industry can create high-quality employment opportunities,whether in the first five technological revolutions or in the new round of technological revolution;based onthe analysis of evolutionary economics,it is considered that workers engaged in high-quality cconomicactivities characterized by high real wages,increasing returns to scalc,imperfect competition,and spilloversof technology and productivity,which arc bclong to high-quality employment;in order to cope with the challenge of labor supply and demand mismatch,it is necessary to guide large enterprises to establish skills transfer training mechanism and improve the digital human resources training system;under the backgroundof deep integration,the key to balance the relationship between technology iteration and high-quality employment in labor-intensive manufacturing industry is to achieve economies of scale and efficiency.

关 键 词：就业优先 劳动密集型制造业 数字经济 高质量就业 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]