经典批评“误导”下的沉默螺旋传播效应——以王世贞文学批评的三大公案为分析中心  

The Silent Spiral Propagation Effect under the Misleading of Classical Criticism--Take Wang Shizhen's Three Major Cases of Literary Criticism as the Center

作　　者：许在元 XU Zaiyuan

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院,上海200240

出　　处：《学术月刊》2023年第2期134-147,共14页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：文学史奉经典批评为圭臬,由来已久。然而经典批评中不乏误导,且误导产生的负面影响甚或大于非误导信息,遂造成文学史叙述的诸多迷雾和假象。王世贞批评中三大公案:“模拟剽窃”“妄庸巨子”“晚年自悔”,出自《列朝诗集》诸书的有意误导。所谓“模拟剽窃”是将举世“递相临摹”王世贞的他人陋习移至厌恶剽窃的王世贞身上。而“妄庸巨子”说,是钱氏把归有光笔下的北方“二李”转嫁为归氏至亲王世贞;将王世贞对归有光的委婉批评,杜撰为王氏“推服”归有光,并不遗余力张扬“妄庸”说。所谓“老年自悔”,乃利用老年心态变化作文章,将王世贞后悔《卮言》“是非古今”得罪人的做法,曲解为否定早年文学观。这种被误导者还包括“七子派”“五子派”“竟陵派”一批人,以至出现明末清初扬宋贬唐之风。此后几部批评经典如《明史》《四库全书总目》《中国文学史》,推高了这一误导的影响,造成文学传播的沉默螺旋效应。由此可知,文学研究应由经典批评回归批评原典。It has a long history of literary history to regard classical criticism as the criterion.However,there is no lack of misdirection in the classical criticism,and the negative impact is even greater than that of non-misleading information,thus causing many false appearances in the narration of literary history.The three major cases in Wang Shizhen criticise,"imitation plagiarism""false master"and"regret in his later years",which were intentionally misleading from the books in The Collection of Poems of All Dynasties(《列朝诗集》).This kind of mislead also included Qizi school("七子派"),Wuzi school("五子派")and Jingling school("竟陵派"),so that in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty,its so common of raising Song and depreciate Tang.Later critical classics such as The History of Ming Dynasty,The General Catalog of tbe Four Libraries and the History of Chinese Literature promoted this misleading influence and formed the silent spiral effect of literary communication.So we can see,literary research should return from classical criticism to the original Canon of criticism.

关 键 词：经典批评 误导 王世贞 三大公案 沉默螺旋效应 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]