“要贴到人物来写”——沈从文“创作偈语”的形成、接受与意义  

Writing by Sticking on Characters"--The Formation,Reception,and Significance of Shen Congwen's "Aphorism of Writing

作　　者：谢泽杰 XIE Zejie

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《学术月刊》2023年第2期148-158,共11页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：“要贴到人物来写”被视为沈从文的“创作偈语”,是沈从文与汪曾祺两代作家间的珍贵传承。在沈从文的文学观中,“要贴到人物来写”指要对人物有符合其身份、性别、性情的正确描写,是小说发挥“真善美”感化功能的必由之路;同时“人物”一词也可广义地理解为“人事”,涉及诸多人物描写以外的组织方法。汪曾祺在1980年代初的特殊时期强调这句偈语,有隐在的对话意图,他通过把“人物”推到创作的首要地位,摆脱以主题先行为代表的固有文学观。汪曾祺的长期言说也体现出他对现实主义的肯认,他的选择与其自身的阅历、气质相辅相成。这一“创作偈语”的形成与接受,不仅是写作教学上一个意义非凡的成功范例,同时也反映了现当代小说观念发展中的某些流变。"Writing by sticking on characters"is regarded as Shen Congwen's"aphorism of writing"(创作偈语),which is a precious inheritance from Shen Congwen to Wang Zengqi.In Shen Congwen'sliterary view,"witing by sticking on characters"refers to describing characters correctly according totheir identity,gender,and temperament,which is theonly way for novels toaffct and refom readers to"truth,goodness and beauty"Meanwhile,the word"character"can also be understood more broadly as human affairs(人事),involving many literary techniques other than character descriptions.In the special period of the early 1980s,Wang Zengqi emphasized this aphorism with an implicit intention to respond to the contemporary phenomenon.By prioritizing"character"in writing,he intended to get rid of the dominating view of literature,represented by the principle of themes coming first.Wang Zengqi's long-term insistence on this aphorism also reflects his recognition of realism,and his choice agrees with his own experiences and temperament.The formation and reception of this"aphorism of writing",is not only a meaningful and successful example of writing guidance,but also reflects the evolution of the concepts of modern and contemporary fiction.

关 键 词：沈从文 汪曾祺 人物 小说创作 西南联大 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]