阵列天线电磁-结构-热耦合理论:现在与未来  

Electromagnetic-Structural-Thermal Coupling Theory for Array Antenna:Present and Future

作　　者：徐鹏颖 蔺卡宾 韩宝庆 王志海[2] 于坤鹏[2] 尹奎英[3] 冷国俊[4] 王艳[5] 李智[6] 马小飞[7] 王从思[1] XU Peng-ying;LIN Ka-bin;HAN Bao-qing;WANG Zhi-hai;YU Kun-peng;YIN Kui-ying;LENG Guo-jun;WANG Yan;LI Zhi;MA Xiao-fei;WANG Cong-si(Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design,Ministry of Education,Xidian University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710071,China;The 38th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,Hefei,Anhui 230088,China;The 14th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210039,China;The 29th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,Chengdu,Sichuan 610036,China;School of Information and Control Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710055,China;Xi’an Electronic Engineering Research Institute,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710100,China;Xi’an Institute of Space Radio Technology,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学电子装备结构设计教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710071 [2]中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所,安徽合肥230088 [3]中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所,江苏南京210039 [4]中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所,四川成都610036 [5]西安建筑科技大学信息与控制工程学院,陕西西安710055 [6]西安电子工程研究所,陕西西安710100 [7]西安空间无线电技术研究所,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《电子学报》2022年第12期2817-2853,共37页Acta Electronica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.51975447,No.52105272);国防基础科研计划(No.JCKY2021210B007);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(No.2022JQ329);西安电子科技大学新教师创新基金(No.XJS220402)。

摘　　要：有源相控阵雷达作为支撑国家战略安全的核心装备,承担着国家战略反导、超视距探测、反隐身侦查、远程引导打击等重大任务,维护着我国的国土安全,更是我国大国地位的战略支柱.有源相控阵技术诞生于20世纪60年代的战火之中,军事上的迫切需要使其一经问世就引起了世界的轰动,它的出现甚至影响了世界军事的变革.相比于传统的单脉冲、脉冲多普勒等技术,它使雷达迈入了一个新时代,对雷达发展产生了深远和广泛的影响.有源相控阵雷达中每个天线单元都连接有对应的发射/接收组件,通过控制移相器改变天线孔径上的相位分布,实现天线不做机械转动而天线波束在空间进行快速电扫描.因此,相比于传统机械扫描雷达扫描惯性大、数据率有限、信息通道数少、不易满足自适应和多功能需求等缺点,有源相控阵雷达具备微秒时间内灵活且无惯性扫描、功能多、可靠性高、数据率大、雷达反射截面积低、自适应能力强、不易受到干扰等无可比拟的优势.随着现代国防的重大需求,雷达装备向着超视距、精准探测、极度隐身等方向持续发展,有源相控阵天线向着高频段、高增益、高指向精度、低副瓣电平等方向不断迈进,天线的高电磁指标对结构的刚度、轻量化、高效散热等设计参数提出了严苛的要求,天线内部各参数呈现高维度多场耦合关系,更容易受到战场恶劣环境的干扰而恶化天线的电性能,降低雷达的探测威力、制导精度与战场生存能力等.有源相控阵天线被誉为“三军之眼”,是涉及多学科交叉的典型装备,其结构、热、电磁之间存在的相互影响、相互制约的耦合关系定义为有源相控阵天线的机电热耦合问题.主要耦合问题有四点.其一,馈电误差影响天线电磁性能:有源相控阵天线馈电网络误差、辐射单元失效、热敏电子元器件(如发射/接收组�Active phased array radar(APAR)services play a key role in national strategic security equipment and di⁃rectly support essential tasks such as the national strategic missile defense,over-the-horizon detection,anti-stealth detection,and remote guided attack.APAR technology was used during war in the 1960s and became very popular worldwide because of the emergence of urgent military needs.This technology has essentially affected the world military.Compared with tradi⁃tional single pulse and pulse Doppler radar technology,APAR has helped to advance radar technologies and had a profound and wide influence on the development of radar.Each antenna element in an APAR is connected with corresponding trans⁃mission/reception(T/R)modules.By controlling the phase shifter to change the phase distribution on the antenna aperture,the antenna can be electronically scanned without any mechanical rotations while still covering the whole airspace.There⁃fore,compared with the disadvantages of traditional mechanical scanning radar,such as a large scanning inertia,limited da⁃ta rates,a small number of information channels,and difficulty meeting the requirements of adaptation and multifunctionali⁃ty,APAR has unparalleled advantages such as flexible and non-inertial scanning completed within microseconds,multifunc⁃tionality,high reliability,large data rates,low radar cross-sections of radar reflection,strong adaptability and less affected by electromagnetic interference.With the significant demand of modern national defense,radar equipment is continuously being developed with over-the-horizon techniques,accurate detections,strong stealth capabilities,etc.APAR research is ad⁃vancing toward high-frequency bands,high gains,high pointing accuracies and low sidelobe levels.The high electromagnet⁃ic performance of antennas is achieved through strict design parameter requirements such as rigidity,quality of being light⁃weight and high efficiency heat dissipation of structures.Moreover,various parameters of antennas show hig

关 键 词：有源相控阵天线 机电热耦合 结构变形 性能调控 设计制造 高效散热 

分 类 号：TN821.8[电子电信—信息与通信工程]