基于可重构OTA装置的非平稳多维无线信道重构模型与应用性能分析  

Non-Stationary Multi-Dimensional Wireless Channel Model Emulated with Reconfigurable OTA Setup and Its Application Analysis

作　　者：刘元安[1] 王卫民[1] 张震 王珩 高华强 LIU Yuan-an;WANG Wei-min;ZHANG Zhen;WANG Heng;GAO Hua-qiang(Beijing Key Laboratory of Work Safety Intelligent Monitoring,School of Electronic Engineering,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China;Antenna Propagation and Millimeter-wave Systems(APMS)Section,Department of Electronic Systems,Aalborg University,Aalborg 9220,Denmark)

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学电子工程学院安全生产智能监控北京市重点实验室,北京100876 [2]奥尔堡大学电子系统系天线传播和毫米波系统实验室,丹麦奥尔堡9220

出　　处：《电子学报》2022年第12期2935-2944,共10页Acta Electronica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.61821001,No.62090015)。

摘　　要：大规模多入多出(massive MIMO)天线阵列是5G及下一代移动通信的关键使能技术,可靠可信可行且可按需灵活构建的室内多维度性能测试与验证对推动massive MIMO系统技术的基础理论研究、关键技术突破和商用部署至关重要.为了进行大规模MIMO设备的技术验证、场景完备性测试与技术缺陷评估,发展真实可靠的室内模拟性能测试方法至关重要,其核心挑战是如何为待测设备(Device Under Test,DUT)在测试装置中重建丰富、完备的目标电波传播环境.本文在早期提出的虚拟探头快速位置优化方法及其探头权重计算闭式解和不同信道场景下精确多维度信道重构工作的基础上,提出了一种基于可重构OTA装置的非平稳多维无线信道重构方法,为DUT测试提供了拟真的目标非平稳多维无线信道重构机制,能够有效克服传统多探头微波暗室法(Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber,MPAC)、辐射两步法(Radiated Two Stage,RTS)以及混响室法(Reverberation Chamber,RC)等三种方法难以满足工作于动态信道环境中大规模MIMO天线系统及其波束性能功能描述问题.本文引进可构建不同比特(bit)数的移相器,重构信道空间谱变化,可开展最大空间相关性误差、加权空间相关性均方根误差(weighted root mean square correlation error)、空间功率角度谱(PAS)相似性(PAS similarity)和固定波束功率损失(fixed beam power loss)评估.本文通过全场景多维度信道重构环境分析表明,4 bit精度移相器可以在保证最佳成本效益的前提下,为室外场景的室内近真实重构提供理想精度的相位矩阵,这也为量化分析移相器误差对虚拟OTA方法影响提供了理论基础和技术途径.本文通过迄今为止未见报道的移相器分辨率因素引入,为传统的相位矩阵虚拟OTA测试装置用于真实复杂电磁传播环境massive MIMO无线设备及其模拟重构,通过相控矩阵调节DUT中各个天线单元的相位响应,模�Massive multiple input multiple output(MIMO) is regarded as the crucial enabling technology of the fifth generation(5G) mobile communication. Reliable, feasible, and reconfigurable indoor multi-dimensional performance testing and verification are significant to boost basic theoretical research, key technology breakthrough, and commercial deployment for the massive MIMO system. To implement the technique validation, scenario completeness test, and defect assessment for the massive MIMO device, developing reliable and realistic indoor emulated performance testing methodology is essential. The key challenge is how to reconstruct the rich and complete target propagation environment for the device under test(DUT). Based on early research, i.e., efficient virtual probe position determination method and closed-form probe weighting strategy, which realize accurate multi-dimensional emulation for various channel scenarios, this paper proposes a multi-dimensional channel emulation methodology for non-stationary wireless propagation with reconfigurable over the air(OTA) setup. The proposed channel emulation mechanism effectively tackles the challenge of the conventional OTA techniques, i.e., multi-probe anechoic chamber(MPAC), radiated two stage(RTS), and reverberation chamber(RC), to test the realistic performance of the beam-steerable massive MIMO device typically operating in dynamic channel. By employing the phase shifters with various bit numbers, this paper investigates the emulation results of the reconstructed channel spatial profiles in terms of maximum spatial correlation, weightes root mean square correlation error, power angular spectrum(PAS)similarity, and fixes beam power loss. According to the complete scenario and multi-dimensional channel emulation in this paper, it is concluded that the 4 bit phase shifter can cost-effectively provide an accurate phase matrix for indoor realistic propagation channel reconstruction. It also provides the theoretical basis and technical approach for quantifying the impact of

关 键 词：大规模多输入多输出 信道重构 空口测试 相位矩阵 

分 类 号：TN929.5[电子电信—通信与信息系统]