草原生态系统损害量化评估与赔偿体系研究  

Study on Quantitative Assessment and Compensation System of Grassland Ecosystem Damage

作　　者：陈慧敏 赵宇 付晓[1] 吴钢[1,2] CHEN Huimin;ZHAO Yu;FU Xiao;WU Gang(State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态经济》2023年第4期179-189,共11页Ecological Economy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“森林和草原生态环境损害基线、因果关系及损害程度的判定技术方法”(2016YFC0503603)。

摘　　要：草原生态系统分布广泛,占我国陆地生态系统的40.9%,是我国几大河流最为重要的发源地,也是我国重要的生态屏障。由于人为活动的不利影响,草原生态系统受损现象频发,生态系统功能下降。然而,我国草原生态系统损害鉴定评估起步较晚,目前尚未有系统的量化评估体系与方法。论文从草原生态系统产品损害和服务功能损害两个方面,建立了草原生态系统损害的量化评估体系;同时基于损害赔偿的考虑,在进行损害价值定量时加入草原生态系统恢复工程和维护费用,完善了损害赔偿的计算方法;最后,从应用的角度,为该损害价值量化体系的实践应用提出理论补充与应用建议。本研究旨在为草原生态系统损害鉴定评估、生态保护和损害赔偿提供理论依据和技术支撑。The grassland ecosystem is widely distributed,which accounts for 40.9%of the terrestrial ecosystem in China.It is the most important source of several major rivers and an important ecological barrier of China.Due to the adverse effects of human activities,the damage phenomenon occurred frequently,resulting in the decline of grassland ecosystem function.However,the identification and assessment of grassland ecosystem damage started late in China,and there is no systematic quantitative assessment system and method for grassland ecosystem damage.This study quantified the damage evaluation index system from the two aspects:grassland ecosystem product damage and service function damage,and established a quantitative assessment system.Moreover,based on the consideration of damage compensation,grassland ecosystem restoration projects and maintenance expenses have been added to the quantification of damage value,the damage compensation has been thus improved.Finally,from the application point of view,suggestions were put forward for the practical application of the damage value quantification system.Our study aimed to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the identification and assessment of grassland ecosystem damage,ecological protection and damage compensation.

关 键 词：生态系统损害 量化评估体系 生态损害赔偿 草原生态系统 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X196