柑橘营养施肥推荐专家系统的建立与验证  

Establishing and verifying the nutrient expert system for citrus fertilization recommendation

作　　者：陈朗 刘文欢 刘思雨 马岩岩[1] 吕强[1] 易时来[1] 谢让金[1] 杨雄 杨艺 郑永强[1] CHEN Lang;LIU Wenhuan;LIU Siyu;MA Yanyan;LYU Qiang;YI ShiLai;XIE Rangjin;YANG Xiong;YANG Yi;ZHENG Yongqiang(National Engineering Research Center for Citrus Technology/National Digital Planting(Citrus)Innovation Sub-Center,Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400712,China;Guangan District Bureau of Agricultural and Countryside of Guangan City,Guangan 638001,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学-中国农业科学院柑桔研究所国家数字种植业(柑橘)创新分中心/国家柑橘工程技术研究中心,重庆400712 [2]广安市广安区农业农村局,广安638001

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第1期146-154,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000101);国家自然科学基金项目(31972991);西南大学先导计划项目(SWU-XDZD22004);重庆市智慧柑橘专项课题(cstc2019jscx-gksbX0089);四川省转移支付项目(2018NZYZF0103)。

摘　　要：为解决橘园果农经验施肥投入不平衡导致的果实品质降低的问题,构建基于果实品质综合评价的营养施肥推荐专家系统。通过2019—2020年连续两年定点跟踪,建立果实膨大期树体矿质营养和果实成熟期果实品质指标原始数据库,构建了基于果实综合品质指标的果实膨大期优质叶片养分适宜标准生成算法、基于“以产定量、总量控制和分期调控”原则的标准含量适宜偏差百分数有效养分配方矫正算法和基于当地肥料农资供应库的复混配方推荐算法,实现果实膨大期优质叶片养分适宜标准生成、橘园营养状况评价、有效养分施肥配方推荐以及基于当地肥料农资数据库的复混配方推荐4个主要功能。2021年度进行系统推荐施肥方案效果验证,结果表明:广安龙安柚产区以中产园区平均产量作为目标产量的矫正施肥方案效果最佳,龙安乡橘园矫正施肥方案的氮、钾和磷肥投入分别降低40.3%、43.6%和1.3%,崇望乡橘园矫正施肥方案的氮、钾和磷肥投入分别降低27.1%、30.8%和78.8%。该系统有效避免了化肥投入不平衡所致果皮着色延迟以及氮钾肥投入偏低导致果实偏小和果肉着色延迟,显著提高龙安柚产区果实综合品质,对柑橘叶片养分矫正配方施肥技术推广有较高适用性。Fertilization is one of the most important aspects during commercial citrus production.A better tradeoff is also required for the fruit quality with the fertilizer reduction and nutrients efficiency.In this study,an expert system was constructed for the citrus fertilization recommendation of mineral nutrients,according to the comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality.The 40 plots of 10-12a Longan pomelo(Citrus Grandis cv.‘Longan’)orchard were selected in the Modern Agricultural Industrial Park of Longan Pomelo,Guangan City,Sichuan Province,China.The indexes were tracked from 2019 to 2020,including the tree mineral nutrition at the fruit expansion stage(early June),and the fruit quality at the fruit maturity stage(mid-November).The original database was then established.Three algorithms were constructed,including the nutrient criteria generation of high-quality leaf at the fruit expansion stage,the correction fertilization of deviation from the optimum percentage(DOP),according to the standard of“yield quantification,the total quantity control,and staging control”,and the compound fertilizer formula recommendation using the local fertilizer and agricultural materials supply database.Four functions were then achieved,namely,the automatic generation of high-quality leaf nutrient criteria during fruit expansion,the nutritional assessment of citrus orchards,the recommendation of available nutrient formulations,and the recommendation of compound fertilizer formulations.The system was distributed to the growers,government agencies,and system administrators with the different permissions using role-based access control(RBAC).A series of validation experiments were carried out on the nutrient expert system for the citrus fertilization recommendation at the early stage of fruit expansion in 2021.Two circus orchards were selected,where the chemical fertilizer was applied in the Longan Town,whereas,the organic fertilizer was in the Chongwang Town.The average low-,middle-,and high-yield plantations were taken as the s

关 键 词：信息化 精准施肥 柑橘 果实膨大期 营养效率 果实品质 

分 类 号：TP182[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]