湿润剂对基质水分吸持和白菜穴盘苗生长的影响  

Effects of wetting agent application on substrate water absorption and Chinese cabbage plug seedlings

作　　者：郑旭 张宗俭 段韫丹 张爱爱 张棣莛 尚庆茂[1,3] ZHENG Xu;ZHANG Zongjian;DUAN Yundan;ZHANG Aiai;ZHANG Diting;SHANG Qingmao(The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Guangyuanyinong Chemical Co.Ltd,Beijing 100083,China;National Nanfan Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science,Sanya 572024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081 [2]北京广源益农化学有限责任公司,北京100083 [3]三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院,三亚572024

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第1期188-194,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2020YFD1000300);国家大宗蔬菜技术体系(CARS-23-B10);三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院南繁专项(2022);山东省重点研发计划项目(LJNY202106);海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2021005)。

摘　　要：基质水分吸持特性直接影响蔬菜穴盘苗生长发育及整齐度,配制适宜的基质是潮汐式育苗的一个关键科学问题。为了探究湿润剂对基质水分吸持的作用,该研究选用3种湿润剂(SP、GY-S903、KT),设置0、0.15、0.30、0.60 mL/L共4个添加量,研究湿润剂添加对育苗基质水分吸收、蒸散和白菜穴盘苗生长的作用。结果表明:添加湿润剂处理与未添加湿润剂的对照处理相比,基质吸水量提高23.90%~74.70%,吸水高度提高46.03%~94.28%,吸水速率增加60.57%~116.26%,且湿润剂添加量越高,基质吸水能力越强;相对于不添加湿润剂处理,添加湿润剂显著提高了基质相对含水量和基质水分蒸散速率(P<0.05);湿润剂添加减小了潮汐床箱中不同位点穴盘基质吸水差异,吸水量变异系数降低9.01个百分点。进一步测定湿润剂添加后白菜穴盘苗生长发育参数,发现适量湿润剂对白菜穴盘苗生长无不良影响。研究结果为改善育苗基质水分吸持特性提供了依据。Plug seedling has been the primary way to raise the vegetable seedlings on a large scale in China.The hydrophobicity and surface tension of the seedling substrate surface can be used to prevent the water from the rapid and uniform wetting of the substrate.A direct impact can also be obtained on the growth of vegetable plug seedlings during production.Taking the Chinese cabbage plug seedlings as the research objects,this experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of wetting agents on the substrate water absorption,together with the plant growth and development.Specifically,the experiment was conducted in a glass greenhouse from October 2021 to March 2022.Three wetting agents were selected,including the SP,GY-S903,and KT.Four additions were set as 0,0.15,0.30,and 0.60 mL/L in a total of 10 treatments.A gravity sensor was used to record the weight change of the plug trays in real time,which was adopted to represent the water content of the substrate.Finally,the change curve was plotted for the substrate moisture after measurement.The seedlings were sown in the 50-hole plug trays.The morphological indexes of Chinese cabbage seedlings were then measured after 30 days of growth.The test results show that the water absorption of the substrate increased by 23.90%-74.70%,the water absorption height increased by 46.03%-94.28%,and the water absorption rate increased by 60.57%-116.26%,compared with the substrate without the wetting agents.The best effect was found in the GY-S903 among the three wetting agents.Specifically,the higher the amount of wetting agent was added,the more the water absorption capacity of the substrate increased.The water absorption rate of 0.60 mL/L wetting agent GY-S903 was 12.33 and 24.56 g/min higher than that of 0.30 and 0.15 mL/L,respectively.Moreover,the addition of wetting agents failed to slow down the rate of water evaporation from the seedling substrate,whereas,there was an improved water retention of the substrate to maintain a high-water content.Meanwhile,the addition of a wetting ag

关 键 词：基质 灌溉 育苗 湿润剂 水分吸持 白菜穴盘苗 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学]