基于基质配比的潮汐式育苗水肥吸持规律研究  

Study on water and fertilizer absorption law of tidal seedling raising based on matrix formula

作　　者：康艺凡 高欣娜[1] 黄媛[1] 武猛 杜亚茹 杨英茹[1] KANG Yifan;GAO Xinna;HUANG Yuan;WU Meng;DU Yaru;YANG Yingru(Shijiazhuang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensing and Intelligent Control/Shijiazhuang Agricultural Information Engineering Technology Research Cente/Hebei Urban Agricultural Technology Innovation Center/Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050041,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市农业信息感知与智能控制重点实验室·石家庄市农业信息化工程技术研究中心·河北省都市农业技术创新中心·石家庄市农林科学研究院,石家庄050041

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2023年第3期85-91,共7页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划(21327408D);河北省重点研发计划(21327410D);石家庄市科技计划(221490072A)。

摘　　要：为探究不同基质在潮汐式育苗中的水肥吸持规律,以草炭、珍珠岩、蛭石为原材料,设计6种基质配比进行试验。结果表明,灌水高度是影响基质最大水分吸收量和水分吸收速率的重要因素,灌水高度为2 cm可保证基质充足的含水量及可控的水分吸收速率;蛭石是影响水分吸收的关键要素,增加蛭石含量可提高基质的最大水分吸收量以及水分吸收速率。同时,基质对养分的吸持量与基质的孔隙度成正比。基质配比为V草炭∶V珍珠岩∶V蛭石=1∶1∶1的基质在水分吸收速率、最大水分吸收量及番茄种苗生长指标综合评价方面表现最优。当灌水高度为2 cm时,该配比基质单位时间内最大水分吸收速率为6.27 g·s^(-1),最大水分吸收量可达629.26 g,采用该配比种植番茄种苗,生长指标综合评价相似接近度为0.961,远高于其他处理。综上,在番茄潮汐式灌溉育苗中基质配比为V_(草炭):V_(珍珠岩):V_(蛭石)=1∶1∶1,灌水高度为2 cm有利于种苗品质的提升。The study aimed to investigate how various substrates affect the absorption of water and fertilizer in tidal seedling cultivation.To accomplish this,the experiment employed six different substrate formulations,utilizing peat,perlite,and vermiculite crops as experimental materials.The experimental results show that the height of irrigation is an important factor affecting the maximum water absorption and water absorption rate of the substrate,and the height of irrigation of 2 cm can ensure the sufficient water content and controllable water absorption rate of the substrate;Vermiculite is the key factor affecting water absorption.Increasing the content of vermiculite can improve the maximum water holding capacity and water absorption rate of matrix;At the same time,the nutrient absorption of the substrate is directly proportional to the porosity of the substrate.In this experiment,the matrix formula of Vpea∶t Vperlit∶e Vvermiculite=1∶1∶1 is good in the comprehensive evaluation of water absorption rate,maximum water holding capacity and growth index of tomato seedlings.The irrigation height is 2 cm,the maximum water absorption rate per unit time of the matrix of the above formula is 6.27 g·s^(-1),and the maximum water holding capacity can reach 629.26 g.The matrix formula of Vpea∶t Vperlit∶e Vvermiculite=1∶1∶1 is used to plant tomato seedlings,and the similarity of comprehensive evaluation of growth indicators is 0.961,which is much higher than other treatments.To sum up,in tomato tidal irrigation seedling raising,the matrix formula is Vpea∶t Vperlit∶e Vvermiculite=1∶1∶1,and the irrigation height is 2 cm,which is conducive to the improvement of seedling quality.

关 键 词：番茄 潮汐育苗 基质 灌水高度 水分吸收速率 

分 类 号：S604[农业科学—园艺学]