马尔罗想要“哪个”中国?——“马式中国”的刻板形象,及其对立面  

“Which”China Does M alraux Want? The Stereotypical Image of “Malraux’s China”,and Its Opposites

作　　者：张珣 Zhang Xun

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院 [2]巴黎索邦大学 [3]法国马尔罗国际学术研究中心

出　　处：《中国比较文学》2023年第1期118-132,共15页Comparative Literature in China

摘　　要：在国际马尔罗研究界,人们总能看到一种呈现其笔下中国形象的强烈意愿。研究者们力图概括“马式中国”的特征,分析中国在其思想体系中扮演的角色。然而笔者认为对“马式中国”的研究在一定程度上落入了汉学主义的圈套:受某种在欧洲汉学或东方研究的固有理路中积淀出的“文化无意识”驱使,人们对“马式中国”的研究方式陷入了一种固化的认识论和方法论,对于中国为马尔罗扮演的角色的认知,也下意识滑入东西方文明互救或东西文明之优劣的探讨。“马式中国”的形象随之陷入“拯救者”或“对话者”等刻板话语。本文力图证明这些刻板话语之于马氏并不成立,并指出中国在事实上嵌入马氏哲学的出发点,以期对这种文化无意识形成的、带有一定虚幻性的共识,发起某种“激醒”。In the international field of “Malraux Research”, we can always observe a strong wish to characterize the image of China, along with great efforts to describe the role that China plays in the theoretical system of Malraux’s philosophy. Yet this article would like to point out that, the research on “Malraux’s China”has somehow fallen into the trap of “Sinologism”: driven by some “Cultural Unconsciousness” in the inherent logic of European Sinology or Oriental Study, the study of “Malraux’s China” has been limited to a solidified epistemology and a one-sided methodology, and their concern has been unconsciously drawn back to the stereotyped subjects like “mutual rescue of Eastern and Western civilizations” or “comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of heterogeneous civilizations”. This article would like to prove that for Malraux, the role of China is not the stereotyped ones such as “savior” or “interlocutor”, and to provide a probable answer to “what he needs from China”,in order to alert a fact that the consensus about “the image and the role of China” risks to be a product of the stereotyped prejudices.

关 键 词：安德烈·马尔罗 中国的刻板形象 文明拯救 个人主义 人的命运 

分 类 号：I565.074[文学—其他各国文学]