人工智能刑事主体资格之否定  

Negation of Criminal Subject Qualification of Artificial Intelligence

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作  者:王杰 任静 WANG Jie;REN Jing(School of criminal justice,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区:[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院,武汉430073

出  处:《河南科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2023年第2期75-82,共8页Journal of Henan University of Science & Technology(Social science)

基  金:国家社科基金重点项目(19AFX021)。

摘  要:关于人工智能可否成为刑事主体、是否具有刑事责任能力,在理论上存在肯定说与否定说的争论。肯定论视野下,人工智能被类比为自然人或者单位这样的刑事责任主体。但是,人工智能类自然人化缺乏基本的科学依据、存在伦理障碍,且不具有自然人的基本属性,存在刑罚承担方面的难题。单位犯罪的本质是自然人犯罪,其存在的合理性是功利主义,人工智能类单位化的思路没有意义和价值。人工智能具有工具性的本质,强人工智能是肯定论者基于论证创造的伪概念,在现有法律体系下,应将人工智能的治理模式重心置于事前的审查与监管上。There is a theoretical debate on whether artificial intelligence can become the subject of criminal responsibility and whether it has the ability of criminal responsibility.From the perspective of affirmative theory,artificial intelligence can only be compared to the subject of criminal responsibility such as natural person or unit.However,artificial intelligence humanization lacks basic scientific basis,and there are ethical obstacles.Also,it does not have the basic attribute of natural person,and there are problems in penalty bearing.The essence of unit crime is natural person crime,and its rationality is utilitarianism.The idea of artificial intelligence unit has no significance and value.Artificial intelligence is instrumental in nature.Strong artificial intelligence is a pseudo concept created by people who hold the affirmative theory based on demonstration.The governance model of artificial intelligence should focus on prior review and supervision on the basis of the existing legal system.

关 键 词:人工智能 刑事主体资格 自然人犯罪 法人犯罪 

分 类 号:D924.11[政治法律—刑法学]

 

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