梯级拦水堰与曲线槽岸组合的河道水流特性与过鱼效果研究  

Study on river flow characteristics and fish passing effect of combination of cascade weir and curved channel bank

作　　者：牛子厚 吴鑫淼[1] 秦增乐 郄志红[1] NIU Zihou;WU Xinmiao;QIN Zengle;QIE Zhihong(College of Urban and Rural Construction,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Daqinghe River Affairs Center,Baoding 071052,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学城乡建设学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北省大清河河务中心,河北保定071052

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报（中英文）》2023年第2期183-193,共12页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51679261);河北省水利科研和推广计划项目(2020-50)。

摘　　要：为提升少水型河道平时的生态和景观效果,提出了一种侧边开口梯级拦水堰与曲线河槽槽岸组合的河道治理形式,并以梯级拦水堰组合直线槽岸作为对照,分别对应梯级拦水堰淹没和非淹没2种不同水深,进行三维水流数值模拟与水力模型试验,分析了相应的水流特性。又以两种不同体长的草鱼幼鱼进行了通行成功率、通行轨迹和通行时长的过鱼试验。结果表明:在同种试验条件下,组合曲线河槽的试验用鱼通行适宜区占比最大为70%左右,分布范围更大,进一步减小了试验用鱼误入非适宜区的可能,过鱼试验结果也优于组合直线河槽,其中试验用鱼通行成功率最高为86%,较组合直线河槽提高10%,通行时间最短为85.4 s,较组合直线河槽时间最大可缩短31.2%,本文的研究结果可为北方山区季节性中小河流等少水河道的整治和河流生态改造提供一定参考和借鉴。In order to improve the ecological and landscape effects of low-water rivers at ordinary times,a river regulation form of combination of stepped weir with side opening and curved channel bank was put forward.Taking the linear channel bank of stepped weir combination as a control,three-dimensional numerical simulation and hydraulic model test were carried out for submerged and non-submerged water depths of stepped weir respectively,and the corresponding flow characteristics were analyzed.Two grass carp juveniles of different body lengths were tested with passing success rate,passing trajectory and passing time.The results show that,under the same experimental conditions,the maximum proportion of suitable areas for fish passage for the test of combined curve river troughs is about 70%,and the distribution area is larger,which further reduces the possibility of experimental fish straying into unsuitable areas.The results of fish crossing test are also better than those in the combined straight river channel,with the highest success rate of experimental fish passing 86%,which is 10%higher than that in the combined straight river channel,and the shortest passing time is 85.4 s,which is 31.2%shorter than that in the combined straight river channel.The research results of this paper can provide some references for the regulation and ecological transformation of rivers with low water,such as seasonal small and medium-sized rivers,in northern mountainous areas.

关 键 词：蜿蜒度 拦水堰 泄水口 草鱼 河流连通性 

分 类 号：TV65[水利工程—水利水电工程] S956[农业科学—水产养殖]