温室风幕式施药装置设计与试验  

Design and test of greenhouse air curtain spraying device

作　　者：邱威 邬伊浩 周慧能 方杰 吕晓兰[2] 余洪峰 QIU Wei;WU Yihao;ZHOU Huineng;FANG Jie;L Xiaolan;YU Hongfeng(College of Engineering/Key Laboratory for Intelligent Agricultural Equipment in Jiangsu Province,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210031,China;Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院/江苏省智能化农业装备重点实验室,江苏南京210031 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业设施与装备研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2023年第2期405-415,共11页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32171905);江苏省农业自主创新基金项目(CX203172);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202110307058);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KYXK2021001)。

摘　　要：[目的]目前温室植保作业多采用背负式摆动作业方式,喷施过量与不足并存,不均匀现象严重,针对此问题研制了一种适应于温室环境的风幕式施药装置,实现气、雾场均匀分布。[方法]以风幕系统各出风口风速相等为设计目标,利用“静压复得”原理,完成了渐缩式导流管的设计,其最大截面直径为120 mm,最小截面直径为57.5 mm,出风口直径为35 mm,间距为0.2 m,数量为7个。通过气流场分布试验分析出口风速对气流场气流特性的影响,雾场试验检验喷雾均匀性。[结果]风幕式施药装置在800~1300 m^(3)·h^(-1)出风量的出口风速变异系数小于11%;有效作业区中心位置与出口风速间呈现线性关系,在20~32 m·s^(-1)出口风速的有效作业区的高度为0.224~0.368 m;有效作业区内雾量水平空间分布变异系数小于12%,与传统背负式摆动作业方式相比,雾滴覆盖率平均提高48.71%,层内雾滴分布变异系数平均减小39.42%,各层间变异系数小于13%。[结论]该风幕式施药装置气、雾场均匀性较好,为温室气流辅助施药装置设计提供了技术支撑。[Objectives]Currently,greenhouse plant protection operations mostly adopt the knapsack-type swinging operation method.The issues of over spraying and under spraying coexist,and the uneven phenomenon is serious.In response to this problem,an air curtain type application device adapted to the greenhouse environment had been developed to achieve the uniform distribution of air and fog fields.[Methods]With the design goal of equal air speed at each outlet of the air curtain system and utilization of the principle of“static pressure regain”,the design of the tapering deflector was completed,with a maximum cross-sectional diameter of 120 mm,minimum cross-sectional diameter of 57.5 mm,outlet diameter of 35 mm,spacing of 0.2 m,and quantity number of 7.The airflow field distribution test was conducted to analyse the impact of the outlet air speed on the airflow field characteristics,while the fog field test was conducted to test the spray uniformity.[Results]The coefficient of variation of the outlet air speed of the air curtain application device was less than 11%at 800-1300 m^(3)·h^(-1)outlet air volume;the centre position of the effective operation area showed a linear relationship with the outlet air speed,and the height of the effective operation area was 0.224-0.368 m at 20-32 m·s^(-1)outlet air speed.The coefficient of variation of horizontal spatial distribution of fog volume within the effective working area was less than 12%;compared with the traditional knapsack-type swinging operation method,the average increase of fog droplet coverage was 48.71%,average decrease of coefficient of variation of fog droplet distribution within the layer was 39.42%,and coefficient of variation between layers was less than 13%.[Conclusions]The air and fog field uniformity of this air curtain application device was good,providing effective technical support for the design of airflow-assisted application devices in the greenhouse.

关 键 词：温室施药装置 风幕 均匀出风 雾量分布 雾滴覆盖 

分 类 号：S491[农业科学—植物保护]