复杂开采条件下低品位镍矿安全高效回采方案研究  

Study on Safety and Efficient Mining Scheme for Low Grade Nickel Ore Under Complex Mining Conditions

作　　者：谭宝会[1] 王永定 张志贵[1] 龙卫国 李斌[1] 何建元 龚臻 TAN Baohui;WANG Yongding;ZHANG Zhigui;LONG Weiguo;LI Bin;HE Jianyuan;GONG Zhen(School of Environment and Resources,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,Sichuan,China;Longshou Mine,Jinchuan Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinchang 737100,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川绵阳621010 [2]金川集团有限公司龙首矿,甘肃金昌737100

出　　处：《黄金科学技术》2023年第1期88-101,共14页Gold Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“考虑围岩效应的岩石抗剪强度参数联合分布研究”(编号:51904248);镍钴资源综合利用国家重点实验室开放课题“破碎岩体条件下多种支护形式耦合协同作用机理研究”(编号:GZSYS-KY-2021-022);西南科技大学博士基金项目“崩落—充填复合采场地压交互作用机理及调控方法”(编号:21zx7157)联合资助。

摘　　要：在龙首矿西二采区上部中段采矿方法由胶结充填法转为无底柱分段崩落法时,矿山面临着覆盖层形成及矿石损失贫化控制等一系列技术难题。首先提出了大体积胶结充填体诱导冒落覆盖层形成方案,分析得出胶结充填体具有较好的可冒性;然后对胶结充填体破碎后的块度分布规律进行了研究,结果表明胶结充填体在破碎过程中不会产生大量粉状物,因此不会造成矿石提前贫化;最后针对崩落法采场仅有的4个回采分段提出一种组合式放矿方案,并对该方案在矿石贫损控制方面的有效性进行了试验验证。将各项研究成果应用于现场生产实践,成功诱导顶板胶结充填体冒落形成覆盖层,在获得良好矿石贫损指标的基础上,使采场产能提升30%,采矿成本降低28%,在复杂开采条件下实现了低品位矿石的安全高效、低贫损及低成本开采。In the upper middle section of West No.2 mining area of Longshou mine,it is necessary to adopt the non-pilar sublevel caving method within the range of ore body with a height of less than 70 m to achieve safe,efficient and low loss mining of low grade ore resources,the ore mining conditions are very complex.In view of these key technical problems,the research was carried out one by one.Firstly,a technical scheme for the formation of overburden by inducing caving of large volume cemented backfill was proposed.At the same time,the mechanical properties,structural characteristics and caving ability of cemented backfill were studied,the results show that backfill has good collapsibility.Secondly,the fragmentation degree of cemented backfill was studied by means of field investigation and physical experiment.The results show that although the strength of cemented backfill is small,it will not produce a large amount of powder after the initial caving and secondary crushing during ore drawing,and the average block size of cemented backfill is greater than the average block size of the ore falling from the fan-shaped blasthole.Therefore,the caving cemented backfill will not lead to the premature dilution of the ore.Subsequently,a combined ore drawing scheme was proposed for the only four stoping sections in the caving stope,and the effectiveness of the scheme was studied by physical ore drawing experiments.The experimental results show that the ore recovery rate of the scheme can reach 85.4%,while the dilution rate is only 6.5%.Finally,the above research results were applied to the field production practice,and the roof cementation backfill was successfully induced to fall naturally to form a covering layer with a thickness of about 30 m.While ensuring the ore recovery rate in the stope,the dilution rate is controlled within 10%,so that the stope productivity is increased by 30%,the mining cost is reduced by 28%,and the safe,efficient,low loss,and low-cost mining of low-grade ore in the West No.2 mining area was realized

关 键 词：低品位镍矿 有限回采空间 无底柱分段崩落法 覆盖层形成 冒落块度 贫损控制 

分 类 号：TD853[矿业工程—金属矿开采]