应用16S rRNA测序技术分析冷暖季节放牧牦牛瘤胃细菌区系特征的研究  

Study on characteristics of ruminal bacterial flora of yaks grazing in cold and warm seasons by 16S rRNA sequencing technique

作　　者：崔占鸿[1] 杨得玉 焦洋 CUI Zhan-hong;YANG De-yu;JIAO Yang

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《饲料研究》2023年第3期1-6,共6页Feed Research

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金面上项目(项目编号:2020-ZJ-911)。

摘　　要：试验旨在探究高海拔地区冷暖放牧季节的生长牦牛与成年牦牛瘤胃细菌区系组成及季节变化特征。采用随机区组设计,选取健康、体重相近的1.5岁公牦牛和3.5岁公牦牛各5头,根据牦牛年龄和采样时间不同分为4组,分别为BO组(暖季采集的1.5岁公牦牛瘤胃液)、BT组(冷季采集的1.5岁公牦牛瘤胃液)、DO组(暖季采集的3.5岁公牦牛瘤胃液)和DT组(冷季采集的3.5岁公牦牛瘤胃液)。结果表明,在门水平上,1.5岁和3.5岁公牦牛瘤胃中拟杆菌门、软壁菌门丰度在冷季明显高于暖季,而厚壁菌门和互养菌门的丰度在暖季明显高于冷季。在属水平上,1.5岁和3.5岁公牦牛瘤胃中产酸糖酵菌属、Papillibacter的菌属丰度在冷季明显高于暖季,而未分类-普雷沃氏菌属和欧氏菌属丰度明显降低。功能预测中显示,在冷季时期1.5岁和3.5岁公牦牛瘤胃微生物区系中的聚糖生物合成与代谢功能、酶家族和脂质代谢和运输和分解代谢功能等相关基因的表达量明显高于暖季,而翻译功能相关的基因表达量明显低于暖季。研究表明,暖季放牧牦牛瘤胃水解产物降解菌群在种类、数量、能量代谢等方面均高于冷季,表明暖季放牧更有利于牦牛瘤胃细菌区系的生长发育。The experiment was to investigate the composition and seasonal changes of ruminal bacterial system of growing yaks and adult yaks at high altitude during cold and warm grazing seasons.Five male yaks of 1.5 years old and 3.5 years old each in healthy condition and similar body weight were selected,the yaks were divided into four groups according to age and sampling time,which were BO group(rumen fluid of 1.5 years old male yaks collected in warm season),BT group(rumen fluid of 1.5 years old male yaks collected in cold season),DO group(rumen fluid of 3.5 years old male yaks collected in warm season) and DT group(rumen fluid of 3.5 years old male yaks collected in cold season).The results showed that at the phylum level,the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes in the rumen of 1.5-year-old and 3.5-year-old male yaks was obviously higher in cold season than in warm season,while abundance of Firmicutes and Synergistetes were obviously higher in warm season than in cold season.At the genus level,the abundance of Saccharofermentans and Papillibacter in rumen of 1.5-year-old and 3.5-year-old male yaks was obviously higher in cold season than in warm season,while the abundance of unidentified_Prevotellaceae and Oisenella were obviously reduced.Displayed in feature prediction,the gene expressions of glycan biosynthesis and metabolism,transport and catabolism,enzyme family and lipid metabolism in 1.5-year-old and 3.5-year-old male yak rumen bacterial lineage were obviously higher in cold season than in warm season,while the gene expressions of translation function were obviously lower than in warm season.The experiment indicates that the species,quantity and energy metabolism of rumen hydrolyzation-degrading bacteria of grazing yaks in warm season are higher than those in cold season,indicating that grazing in warm season is more conducive to the growth and development of rumen bacteria flora of yaks.

关 键 词：放牧牦牛 冷暖季节 瘤胃细菌 16S rRNA测序 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]