马克思公平观的三个维度及现实启示——基于《哥达纲领批判》的分析  

The Three Dimensions of Marx’s Concept of Equity and Its Realistic Enlightenment:An Analysis Based on Critique of the Gotha Programme

作　　者：张航 关祥睿 Zhang Hang;Guan Xiangrui(School of Philosophy,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2023年第1期180-192,共13页China Review of Political Economy

摘　　要：在《哥达纲领批判》中,马克思不仅第一次对共产主义社会发展的两个阶段加以区分,而且系统地阐述了马克思主义公平理论的基本观点和社会主义公平原则的科学内涵。马克思的公平观是历史维度、社会维度和发展维度的统一。从历史维度看,公平的观念是在历史中产生和发展的,在不同的生产方式之下只能实现不同程度的分配公平。从社会维度看,社会主义的公平原则是按劳分配与按需分配的有机结合,既体现了对劳动者个人能力的充分尊重,同时也彰显了对个体需要多样化的内在肯定。从发展维度看,社会主义对公平的追求是在生产力高度发展的基础上,使人们的自由个性得以彰显,从而真正实现每一个人的自由全面发展。理解和把握马克思公平观的三个维度,对于我们更好地认识社会主义市场经济的公平原则、实现社会主义公平正义具有重要的指导意义。In Critique of the Gotha Programme, Marx not only distinguished the two stages of communist society for the first time, but also systematically expounded the basic viewpoint of Marxist theory of equity and the scientific connotation of the principle of socialist equity.Marx’s concept of equity is the unity of historical dimension, social dimension and development dimension.From the historical dimension, the concept of equity is generated and developed in history, and different degrees of distributive equity can be achieved under different modes of production.From the social dimension, the socialist principle of equity is the organic combination of distribution according to work and distribution according to need, which not only reflects the full respect for the individual ability of workers, but also manifests the internal affirmation of the diversity of individual needs.From the perspective of development, the socialist pursuit of equity is based on the high development of productive forces, so that people’s free personality can be manifested, so as to truly realize the free and comprehensive development of each person.To grasp the three dimensions of Marx’s concept of equity will help us to better understand the principle of equity in socialist market economy and will help us better build socialist equity.

关 键 词：马克思 公平观 社会主义 哥达纲领批判 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]