低温胁迫后强反弹性生长型早稻材料的筛选  

Screening of Early Rice Materials for Strong Rebound Growth After Low Temperature Stress

作　　者：王珲 钟蕾[1] 付晓全 施翔 胡丽芳[1] 蔡怡聪 贺浩华[1] 陈小荣[1] WANG Hui;ZHONG Lei;FU Xiaoquan;SHI Xiang;HU Lifang;CAI Yicong;HE Haohua;CHEN Xiaorong(College of Agronomy,Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education/Research Center of Super Rice Engineering and Technology,Jiangxi Province/Collaboration Center for Double-season Rice Modernization Production,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西省超级稻工程技术中心/双季稻现代化生产协同中心,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第2期414-423,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江西省主要学科学术和技术带头人计划(20212BCJ22007);国家重点研发计划蓝色粮仓科技创新重点专项(2018YFD0901700);江西省重大科技研发专项(20203ABC28W013)。

摘　　要：南方双季稻区早稻,特别是直播早稻易受“倒春寒”等低温阴雨天气影响,低温胁迫后常出现水稻停止生长或生长恢复缓慢的现象,同时易加剧草害。为探讨低温弱光胁迫后早稻生长恢复性能,并筛选强反弹性生长恢复材料,本研究选用131份早稻材料,采用人工气候室模拟轻度倒春寒胁迫(日均温度12℃,50%光照,持续4 d),追踪处理结束后12 d的秧苗生长动态,以株高比、叶龄比、生长速度等作为生长恢复指标,利用主成分分析法、隶属函数法等对各材料生长恢复能力进行综合评价;选取代表性材料进行中度倒春寒(日均温度10℃,50%光照,持续4 d)模拟试验,进一步验证其恢复性能。结果表明,所有材料按生长恢复能力被分为强恢复型(B556、B562、B592等共56份,D值0.549~0.699)、中等恢复型(NC39、NC42、NC65等共49份,D值0.436~0.544)、弱恢复型(NC54、B125、B795等26份,D值0.265~0.415);高、中、低D值材料各6份恢复指标的差异分析表明,随着恢复时间的增加,高D值材料与中D值材料株高比与叶龄比差距逐渐缩小,而低D值材料与高D值材料间始终存在显著差异;同时材料D值越低,最快生长速度出现时间越晚,平均生长速度也越低。中度倒春寒胁迫模拟试验发现,轻度倒春寒胁迫筛选出的强恢复型材料,经中度倒春寒胁迫后基本上也表现出强生长恢复特性,但各材料生长指标均难以恢复至对照水平。本研究为早稻应对中、轻度倒春寒胁迫提供了新的思路与视角。Early rice,especially direct seeding early rice,in the double cropping rice region of South China is vulnerable to low temperature and rainy weather such as“late spring coldness”.After stress,rice often stops growing or recovers slowly,which is easy to aggravate grass damage.In order to investigate the recovery performance of early rice after low-temperature and low-light stress and to select materials with strong rebound,131 early rice materials were selected for this study,and the growth dynamics of seedlings were tracked for 12 d after treatment by simulating mild late spring coldness(average daily temperature of 12℃,50%light for 4 d)in an artificial climate chamber.The growth recovery ability of each material was comprehensively evaluated by using principal component analysis and affiliation function method,and the representative materials were selected for the simulation test of moderate late spring coldness(average daily temperature of 10℃,50%light for 4 d)to further verify the recovery performance.The results showed that all materials were classified according to growth recovery ability into strong recovery type(B556,B562,B592,etc.,total 56,D value 0.549~0.699),medium recovery type(NC39,NC42,NC65,etc.,total 49,D value0.436~0.544),weak recovery type(NC54,B125,B795,etc.,total 26,D value 0.265~0.415);the analysis of the differences in recovery indexes among the six high,medium and low D value materials showed that the difference between the height ratio and leaf age ratio of high D value materials and medium D value materials gradually decreased as the recovery time increased,while there was always a significant difference between low D value materials and high D value materials;at the same time,the lower the D value of materials,the later the fastest growth rate appeared and the lower the average growth rate.In the simulated experiment of moderate late spring coldness stress,the strong recovery materials screened for mild late spring coldness stress also showed strong growth recovery characteristics

关 键 词：早稻 低温胁迫 强反弹性生长 筛选 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]