劳动密集型企业流水线作业工人职业紧张现状及影响因素分析  

Occupational stress status and its influencing factors of assembly-line workers in labor-intensive enterprises

作　　者：李晓艺[1] 陈惠清[1] 杨敏[1] 郭垚 霍少雪 徐鼎 LI Xiaoyi;CHEN Huiqing;YANG Min;GUO Yao;HUO Shaoxue;XU Ding(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China;Foshan Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control,Foshan,Guangdong 528000,China;Sanshui District Institute of Disease Prevention and Control of Foshan City,Foshan,Guangdong 528200,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广东省职业病防治重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]佛山市职业病防治所,广东佛山528000 [3]佛山市三水区疾病防治所,广东佛山528200

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2023年第1期67-72,共6页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2019498,B2019197);广东省职业病防治重点实验室(2017B030314152)。

摘　　要：目的探讨劳动密集型企业流水线作业工人职业紧张水平及其影响因素。方法2019年8—9月,采用方便抽样方法选取佛山市5家劳动密集型企业的1420名流水线作业工人作为研究对象,采用《工作付出-回报失衡紧张量表》进行职业紧张测评,采用二分类logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果回收有效问卷1228份,有效回收率为86.48%。研究对象职业紧张检出率为42.02%(516/1228)。回归分析结果显示:铝材制造业组出现职业紧张的风险是电子制造业组的2.199倍(P<0.01);轮班作业组出现职业紧张的风险是白班作业组的1.745倍(P<0.01);本岗位工作年限为5~9年、≥10年组出现职业紧张的风险分别是≤1年组的0.645和0.468倍(P<0.05);平均月收入≥5000元组出现职业紧张的风险是<3000元组的6.186倍(P<0.01)。结论劳动密集型企业流水线作业工人职业紧张水平较高;建议企业合理安排员工岗位,健全绩效制度,针对轮班作业、本岗位工作年限较短和平均月收入较高者进行正念减压疗法,以缓解其职业紧张水平。Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of occupational stress among assembly-line workers in labor-intensive enterprises.Methods A total of 1420 assembly-line workers from five labor-intensive enterprises in Foshan City were surveyed from August to September 2019 with the Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of occupational stress.Results Totally 1228 valid questionnaires were collected,with a recovery rate of 86.48%.Occupational stress affected 42.02%of workers(516 out of 1228).Regression analysis revealed that the risk of occupational stress of workers in the aluminum manufacturing group was 2.199times greater than that of workers in the electronic manufacturing group(P<0.01);the risk of occupational stress of shiftworkers was 1.745 times greater than that of day-shift workers(P<0.01);and the risk of occupational stress of workers with working times of 2-4 and/or 5-9 years was 0.645 and 0.468 times greater than that of workers with working times less than 1 year(P<0.05).The risk of occupational stress for workers with average monthly incomes higher than 5000yuan was 6.186 times that of workers with average monthly incomes less than 3000 yuan(P<0.01).Conclusions The level of occupational stress among assembly line workers in labor-intensive enterprises was high.It is suggested that enterprises reasonably arrange employees’duties,improve the performance system,appropriately improve their welfare benefits,and carry out mindfulness decompression therapy for those workers in the aluminum manufacturing industry engaged in shift work or with short working times and high average monthly income so as to alleviate their occupational tension.

关 键 词：劳动密集型 流水线作业 职业紧张 付出-回报失衡 影响因素 

分 类 号：B845.65[哲学宗教—心理学]